ILLUSTRATIONS. Xlll 



Page 



54. Section of a bean-seed, 136 



55. Seed-leaves, root, and first true leaf of the beech, ib. 



56. Dissection of the water-grub of a May-fly, 139 



57. Caterpillars of the Clifden nonpareil feeding on the 



gray poplar, 142 



58. Ditto, in a more advanced stage of growth, 143 



59. Walking-leaf insect magnified, 144 



60. Transformations of the brimstone moth, 145 



61. Caterpillars of the swallow-tailed moth, 146 



62. A two-winged fly ( Volucella plumata) , 149 



63. Transformations of the puss moth, . 152 



64. Lobster caterpillar, ^53 



65. Aquatic grubs of gnats in a glass vessel of water, 155 



66. Larvae of the common-gnat, floating in water, two 



figures, 1 56 



67. Buoy-like structure in the tail of a water-grub of a 



two-winged fly, 157 



68. Telescopic-tailed water-larvse, three figures, 158 



69. Water-worms, two figures, 159 



70. Grub of the dragon-fly, and various parts of its body 



magnified, five figures, 162 



71. Mask of the dragon-fly grub, four figures, 164 



72. Moultingof caterpillars, and magnified views of parts, 



ten figures, 172 



73. Exuvia and pulmonary vessels of the rhinoceros beetle , 175 



74. Goat moth caterpillar escaping from a drinking-glass, 17S 



75. Magnified view of the dorsal muscles of the upper half 



ofthecossus, 182 



76. Caterpillar of cossus escaping from under a loaded 



glass, 184 



77. Methods used by spiders and caterpillars for ascending 



their threads, 186 



78. Caterpillar of the tiger-moth, two figures, 187 



79. Grub of the museum beetle, natural size and magni- 



fied, two figures, ib. 



80. Tail of ditto, magnified, ib, 



81. Hairs of ditto, magnified, two figures, ib. 



82. Thorny hairs of caterpillars, three figures, 189 



83. Green tortoise beetle {Cassida equestris), 191 



84. Grub of ditto, magnified, to show its anal forks, ib. 



85. Grub of ditto, with its canopy of excrements, ib. 



86. Spit frog-hopper, and froth covering the grub of the 



same, two figures, 192 



87. Caterpillar of the drinker moth, two figures, 194 



88. Caterpillar of the angle-shades moth, ib. 



