40 SCARABiEID.^ — DUNG-BEETLES. 



Layard has figured a bronze cup, and two bronze cubes, 

 found among the ruins of Nimroud, on which occur as 



Thothmes III. Beneath is a Scarab between two feathers, placed 

 on the basket stib. 



2. A Scarabseus in dark steaschist, with the figure of the sphinx 

 (the sun), and an emblem between the fore paws of the monster. 

 The sphinx constantly appears on the Scarabaei of Thothmes III., 

 and it is probably to this monarch that the one here described be- 

 longs. (On many Scarabaei in the British Museum, and on those 

 figured by Klaproth from the Palin Collection, in Leeman's Monu- 

 ments, and in the "Description de TEgypt," Thothmes is repre- 

 sented as a sphinx treading foreign prisoners under him. — Layard..) 

 After the Sphinx on this Scarab are the titles of the king, "The 

 sun-placer of creation," of Thothmes III. 



3. Small Scarabaeus of white steaschist, with a brownish hue ; 

 reads N'eter nefer nebta Ra-neb-ma, " The good God, the Lord of the 

 Earth, the Sun, the Lord of truth, rising in all lands." This is 

 Amenophis III., one of the last kings of the xviii. dynasty, who 

 flourished about the fifteenth century b. c. 



4. Scarabseus in white steaschist, with an abridged form of the 

 prenomen of Thothmes III., Ra-men-cheper at en Amen, "The sun- 

 placer of creation, the type of Ammon." This monarch was the 

 greatest monarch of the xviii. dynasty, and conquered Naharaina 

 and the Saenkar, besides receiving tribute from Babel or Babylon 

 and Assyria. 



5. Scarabreus in pale white steaschist, with three emblems that 

 cannot well be explained. They are the sun's disk, the ostrich 

 feather, the uraeus, and the guitar nablium. They may mean 

 "Truth the good goddess," or "lady," or ma-nefer, "good and 

 true." 



6. Scarabaeus in the same substance, with a motto of doubtful 

 meaning. 



7. Scarabaeus, with a hawk, and God holding the emblem of life, 

 and the words ma nefer, "good and true." The meaning very 

 doubtful. 



8. A Scarabaeus with a hawk-headed gryphon, emblem of Menta- 

 Ra, or Mars. Behind the monster is the goddess Sati, or Nuben. 

 The hawk-headed lion is one of the shapes into which the sun turns 

 himself in the hours of the day. It is a common emblem of the 

 Aramaean religion. 



9. Scarabaeus with hawk-headed gryphon, having before in the 

 uraeus and the nabla or guitar, hieroglyphic of good. Above it are 

 the hieroglyphics "Lord of the earth." 



10. Small Scarabseus in dark steaschist, with a man in adoration 

 to a king or deity, wearing a crown of the upper country, and 

 holding in the left hand a lotus flower. Between this is the emblem 

 of life. 



11. Scarabaeus, with the hawk-headed Scarabaeus, emblem of 

 Ra-cheper, "the creator Sun," flying with expanded wings, four in 

 number, which do not appear in Egyptian mythology till after the 



