CONTENTS. 



Apple-bud weevil . . . . 



Voracity of Calosoma . 



Rayed galleries of a bark-grub. 



Ravages of locusts , 



Tlieir swarms in Southern Africa 



The Italian locust 



Migrations in Palestine and Europe . 



CHAPTER X. 



Voracity of maggots 



Maggots of crane-flies popularly called the grub 

 Remarkable ovipositor .... 

 Destruction of herbage on Blackheath • 

 Similar devastations in Poitou and Holderness 

 Wheat-fly, described by Mr. Shireff 

 Additional particulars by Mr. Gorrie , 

 Observations of Kirby .... 

 Mistake of Mr. Markwick. 

 Hessian-fly, described by Mr. Say , 



Cheese-hopper the maggot of Piophila 

 Wonderful structure of this maggot 

 Its transformation into a fly . . . 

 Origin of the house-fly (^Musca dumestica) 

 Mistakes of Ray and Reaumur . 

 Voracity of the maggots of blow-flies . 

 Instance of a man devoured by them. 

 Popular mistake respecting lady-birds 

 Their transformations traced to the egg 

 Aphides checked by these and by Syrphidae 



SECTION III.— PUP^. 

 CHAPTER XI. 



MechaiMsm of suspending chrysalides 



Proceedings of larvae upon their approacKing change 

 In what manner some caterpillars suspend themselves 

 Tlieir attempts sometimes unsuccessful 

 Organ for holding fast .... 

 Suspensory cincture of other caterpillars 

 Method of forming this by the swallow-tail 

 Parchment-like pupa-case of flies (^Muscidce) 

 Flask-shaped pupae of Syrphida; 

 Trausformations of a Tipulidan gnat 

 Mode by which the nymph is suspended . 

 Hooked aquatic pupa {Hydrucampa f) 



CHAPTER XII. 



Page 

 2^3 

 244 

 245 

 246 

 247 

 249 

 250 



252 

 ib. 

 253 

 254 

 255 

 256 

 259 

 260 

 261 

 262 

 263 



267 

 268 

 ib. 

 269 

 270 

 271 



273 

 274 

 277 

 278 

 279 

 281 

 282 



287 



Form and structure of pupae ...... 



The term metamorphosis objected to . . . 

 Harvey's fancies about transmutation . . . 



Similar fancies of Goedart exposed by Swammerdam 

 Structure of the pupa of the chameleon-fly. 

 Pupa of the lappit-moth ..... 

 Chrysalis and transformations of the peacock -butterfly 

 Origin of philosophic errors .... 



Changes produced on pupae by evaporation 



ib. 



289 

 290 

 292 

 293 

 294 

 296 

 297 



