304 



INSECT TRANSFORMATIONS. 



Reaumur in the pupa of a small crane-fly {Tipula, 



). This consisted in a single tube, two or 



three times longer than the body of the pupa, and as 

 fine as a hair. The point of this hair always remains 

 above or at the surface of the water, for the purpose 

 of carrying on respiration, till the perfect fly is ready 

 to emerge from the water. 



o, Tipvla, ? b, telescope-tailed pupa of the same. 



c, front view of the pupa of the common gnat {Culex pipiens). 



d, side view of the same. 



In another genus of this family the external organs 

 of respiration are very elegant in form, resembling 

 more the fibrillse of minute aquatic mosses (Con- 

 fervoidecF) than the appendages of an animal. The 

 larvje of this insect is well known to anglers, under 

 the name of the hlood-worm ; though we do not find 

 it mentioned by Walton, Brookes, Best, Sir H. Davy, 

 or any of the other writers upon angling. It is 

 usually less than half an inch long, flat, and jointed 

 like the wire-worm, with several small appendages at 



