382 INSECT MISCELLANIES. 



Upper wings quite crustaceous, and not over- 

 lapping — beetles (Coleoptera). 

 Upper wings semi-crustaceous, and over-lap- 

 ping — bugs and grasshoppers (Heiniptera). 

 bf Upper and under wings of the same texture. 

 Wings covered with small tiled scales — but- 

 terflies and moths (Lepidoptera). 

 Wings membranaceous and naked. 



Without a sting — dragon-flies, &c, (Keu- 



roptera). 

 With a sting — wasps, bees, &c, (Hymenop- 

 iera). 

 2. With two wings : — Flies, gnats, &c, (Diptera). 



,.II« W|N«Etss Insects {Jlptera). 



De Geerh Classification. 



I. Winged Insects. 



1. Wings four ^ without wing-cases: — 



a, Wings covered with scales ; tongue spiral — 

 butterflies and moths. 



6, Wings naked and membranaceous — May- 

 flies and caddis-flies. 



c, Wings equal, membranaceous, and netted ; the 

 mouth with teeth — dragon-flies and lace- 

 winged flies. 



rf. Wings unequal ; nervures placed lengthwise ; 

 mouth with teeth ; and the females having 

 a sting or ovipositor — bees, wasps, ants, 

 ichneumons, saw-flies, &c. 



c. Wings membranaceous ; the tongue bent 

 under the throat — tree-hoppers, &c. 



2. Wings two, covered by two iving-cases : — 



a, Wing-cases partly coriaceous and partly mem- 



branaceous, overlapping each other; tongue 

 bent under the throat — bugs, &c. 



b, Wing-cases coriaceous, or somewhat crusta- 



ceous and wing-like, overlapping ; mouth 

 with teeth — locusts, crickets, and grass- 

 hoppers. 



