386 INSECT MISCELLANIES. 



made nearly two centuries ago, has made the basis of 

 his system. 



Swammerdamh Classification. 



I. Transformations immediate, the insects being- 

 hatched perfectly formed — fleas, spiders, &c. 

 II. Transformations taking place under a covering* — 

 locusts, crickets, bugs, dragon-flies, May-flies,&c. 



III. Transformations with a pupa-case intermediate* — 



beetles, bees, wasps, saw-flies, gnats, &c. 

 Transformations in the pupa state obtected — 

 moths, and butterflies. 



IV. Transformations in the pupa state — coarctate, 



ichneumons, flies, &c. 



Hay and Willughhifs Classification, 

 1. Insects undergoing no Transformations 



1. Without feet C^TToSu): — 



a. Land Insects, including worms, &c, (Ter- 



restria). 



b. Water Insects, including Leeches, &.c, (Aqua- 



tica). 



2. With feet (Pedata) : — 



a, With six feet ( Hexapoda). 



Land Insects (Terrestria). 



Larger, including lignivorous larvae (Majora). 



Less, including lice and springtails (Minora). 



Water Insects, including the river shrimp 

 (Aquatica). 

 h, With eight feet (Octopoda). 



With tails — scorpions (Caudata). 



Without tails — spiders, mites (JVon caudata). 



c. With fourteen feet — wood lice ( Tscro-digsfxct/cTs- 



x.dLTrcJ'x). 



* In explaining Swammerdam's system, Kirby and Spence 

 use the terms of 'complete' and ' incomplete,' which are not 

 in the original. 



