ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 183 



The mind is unconscious of the facts upon which reason is based, 

 and of the process of reasoning, but instantaneously reaches a con- 

 clusion. Thus perception is unconscious induction. 



This may be further illustrated by facts familiar to all. The 

 untrained arithmetician, labors with a simple problem in addition; 

 he steps slowly from one number to another with his eye and his 

 mind's eye as he ascends the column ; but an expert accountant 

 glances his eye up and down the column and instantaneously states 

 the sum; and that which was a slow inductive problem in arith- 

 metic for the child and the ordinary adult is performed as an instan- 

 taneous process by the expert accountant ; and that which was 

 conscious induction in the one was perception in the other. In 

 many ways and on all hands this fact may be illustrated, that per- 

 ception and induction (or reflection, as it is usually called) are one 

 and the same process in kind, but differ only in degree. Perception 

 is 1/iicoiiscioiis induction. 



It was necessary to explain this fundamental principle in psychol- 

 ogy in order that we may properly characterize the psychic operations 

 of Savagery. The psychic condition of a people can only be fully 

 explained by setting forth fully the whole system of intellections, 

 embracing perceptions, inductions, and inventions (or imagination, 

 as the process of invention is more usually denominated in psychol- 

 ogy), and also characterizing the emotions, the desires, and the 

 purposes, so frequently denominated the "will." But it will be suf- 

 ficient for our purposes here if we characterize the perceptions and 

 inductions of Savagery; and it may be safely inferred that the 

 imaginings, the emotions, the desires, and the purposes will corre- 

 spond thereto. 



Now the perceptions of Savagery are of a very rudimentary char- 

 acter and are greatly restricted. This can be shown in many ways, 

 but two particulars will suffice for present purposes. The first is 

 this, that the savage is unable to perceive a conventional meaning. 

 He can perceive a horse, and he can even perceive the picture of a 

 horse if its outlines are fairly drawn, but he cannot perceive a horse 

 in a conventional character, like a hieroglyph or a written word. 



Again : the savage can perceive numbers but to a very limited 

 extent, but cannot perceive the relations of numbers; for example, 

 he cannot add groups of numbers, as 3 to 5 ; but wishing to add 3 

 to 5, he first- counts off carefully 5, and then adds the 3, one at a 

 time — that is, he counts his addition. To subtract 3 from 8, he 



