194 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 



have established themselves. The African tribes transplanted in 

 America are rapidly bleached by the synthetic chemistry of social 

 life. When three generations more have passed, it may not be 

 possible to find a drop of pure Indian or negro blood on this con- 

 tinent. Civilization overwhelms Savagery, not so much by spilling 

 blood as by mixing blood, but whether spilled or mixed, a greater 

 homogeneity is secured. 



This return to homogeneity is accomplished by the spread of arts 

 from their centers of invention to the circumference of their util- 

 ities. As an art is expressed in material form, it is an object-lesson 

 readily learned. It may be that the tongue of the inventor can be 

 understood by no people but those of his own tribe, but his handi- 

 work needs no interpreter; and so arts are spread from land to 

 land, and those who engage in common arts are trained by homo- 

 geneous methods. 



This return to homogeneity is accomplished by the spread of 

 institutions from tribe to tribe and from nation to nation, for waves 

 of conquest have rolled again and again over all lands, and when 

 civilization is reached institutions and institutional devices are trans- 

 planted, for civilized men are ever engaged in comparison and ever 

 striving to select the best. 



This tendency to homogeneity is accomplished by linguistic com- 

 munication, for with the progress of culture men come to speak 

 more and more in synonyms, and dominant languages are spread 

 far beyond the boundaries of their native lands; and thus there is a 

 tendency to homogeneity of tongue. 



This return to homogeneity is accomplished by the spread of opin- 

 ions, for the opinions that influence the highest of the race come 

 ultimately to influence all ; and scientific philosophy is rapidly 

 spreading to the uttermost parts of the earth. 



And finally this homogeneity is accomplished by the spread of 

 the same methods of reasoning, the same psychic operations. Hom- 

 ologic methods of reasoning, by which the truth is reached, are 

 steadily replacing analogic methods, by which myths only are in- 

 vented ; and as gradually the same facts are brought to the light of 

 all mankind, and the same processes of reasoning are pursued, men 

 are gradually becoming occupied in the same mental activities. 



Thus it is that if we consider man biologically, or man in relation 

 to his activities, expressed in arts, institutions, languages, opinions, 

 and reasoning, we discover that the tendency to the differentiation 



