19G TRANSACTIONS OF ANTHROrOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



every man's servant; so are we all — servants to many masters and 

 masters of many servants. It is thus that men are gradually becom- 

 ing organized into one vast body-politic, every one striving to serve 

 his fellow man and all working for the common welfare. Thus the 

 enmity of man to man is appeased, and men live and labor for one 

 another; individualism is transmuted into socialism, egoism into 

 altruism, and man is lifted above the brute to an immeasurable 

 height. Man inherited the body, instincts, and passions of the 

 brute ; the nature thus inherited has survived in his constitution and 

 is exhibited along all the course of his history. Injustice, fraud, 

 and cruelty stain the pathway of culture from the earliest to the 

 latest days. But man has not risen in culture by reason of his brutal 

 nature. His method of evolution has not been the same as that of the 

 lower animals; the evolution of man has been through the evolution 

 of the humanities, the evolution of those things which distinguish 

 him from the brute. The doctrines of evolution which biologists 

 have clearly shown to apply to animals do not apply to man. Man 

 has evolved because he has been emancipated from the cruel laws of 

 brutality. 



The evolution of man is the evolution of the humaliities, by 

 which he has become the master of the powers of the universe, by 

 which he has made life beautiful with aesthetic art, by which he has 

 established justice, by which he has invented means of communi- 

 cation, so that mind speaks to mind even across the seas ; by which 

 his philosophy is the truth of the universe. Man is man because of 

 the humanities. 



