A CLINICAL STUDY OF THE SKULL. 11 



Such data indicate that with the deflection outward of the lower 

 part of the malar there are associated distinctive changes in the 

 squamosal part of the zygoma. 



The malar bone of the fcetus at term shows all the essential pecu- 

 liarities of the adult bone, (the swelling mentioned on p. 7 alone 

 being absent,) even the minute spine at the posterior margin of the 

 orbital process, (occasionally retained in the adult,) being present. 



THE POSITION OF THE MALAR BONE AT THE SPHENO- 

 MAXILLARY FISSURE. 



The frequency with Avhich the malar bone may enter into the 

 spheno-m axillary fissure (by the processus marginalis) is subject to 

 much variation. Froment (quoted by Henle) found it to enter into 

 the fissure in nearly one-fourth of all skulls observed by him. In 

 the following skulls of immature subjects — i. e., below the age of 

 sixteen years — forty-one in number, the association was present in 

 thirty-one instances; hence I conclude that the exclusion of the malar 

 bone from the fissure is more frequent in adult life than in youth. 



The skulls in which the process was excluded were distributed as 

 follows : One each in a Utah, Sioux, Seminole Indian, Chinese, 

 Caucassian, Egyptian, and a Sandwich Islander skull. The re- 

 maining three skulls were unnamed. 



THE LOWER JAW. 



By careful inspection almost the entire outline of the lower jaw 

 can be made out in the living subject. Even without preparation, 

 the degree of projection of the chin can be seen in profile, as also 

 the extent to which the angles are developed ; but careful exam- 

 ination with the hand, especially when accompanied with oral in- 

 spection, greatly aids the observer in determining the form of the 

 bone. 



The most marked variation in the form of the jaw is seen in the 

 depression which lies in advance of the insertion of the masseter 



