A CLINICAL STUDY OF THE SKULL. 39 



The border may be inclined on both right and left sides, as was 

 noticed in a Columbia River Indian^ and in a Peruvian.^ 



In a second Columbia River Indian* the deflection is seen to a 

 marked degree on the left side, and in a Peruvian* on the right. 



Among other forms of inflated middle turbinals may be named 

 one which resembles the terminal stroke of the German letter j^l t» 

 In others the shape is the same, but the direction reversed.^ In yet 

 another the bone is parallelogrammatic, and may be a centimetre in 

 width." A symmetrical disposition of such a form of inflation 

 is seen in the skull of a negro.' 



Infrequently the anterior portion is slightly though uniformly 

 inflated, and is distorted in the shape of a crescent, or is even 

 S-shaped.^ As a rule the inflation begins at the free anterior border 

 and involves the entire portion ; but it is in some examples confined 

 to the part immediately back of the anterior border, which remains 

 narrowed and compressed, as in the infant* 



As already remarked, changes in the superficies are found confined 

 to the anterior portion, for the posterior part is uniformly smooth 

 or marked by vessel-grooves only. Numerous bristle-like j^rocesses 

 are found occupying the surface in some instances.^" 



The inflected part may be seen at any section of the surface of 

 the anterior portion. In a Madagascar" and a Peruvian^'^ skull a 

 large spine with a broad base projects from the outer side. I have 

 often met with a similar spine in the living subject. 



The flat interior border may even be inflated in common with the 



iNo. 578. 2 No. 13(36. ^o. 317. , ~ 



*No. 1447. ^No. 976. 



^The " bulbo-ethmoidalis," by which tftrm I embrace the inflation of 

 the anterior limit to the ethmoidal mass, is distinct from a bulbous inflation 

 of the pedicle of the middle turbinal, which is occasionally met with, but 

 is not included in the description as given above. 



'No. 976. 



^For examples see Peruvians, 1490, 1462, 1458 ; Narragansett, 693 ; Naum- 

 keag, 567; San Miguel, 1630; Nantucket, 104; Ancient Mexican, 1003. 



9 Peruvian, No. 84. i» Peruvian, No. 1460. 



"No. 1306. J^No. 1465. 



