40 , THE TONER LECTURES. 



rest of the portion, and as a result the part be club-shaped, or, being 



flat ou the inner, become markedly convex on the outer surface. 



« 



In the skull of a Mexican^ a spur on a deflected septum on the right 

 side is firndy indented in a club-shaped right middle turbinal. In 

 most examples, however, of inflated anterior portions with deflected 

 septa the parts are conformed one to the other. 



With respect to the right and left disposition of the varieties 

 named nothing can oe said. A compressed primitive form of the 

 anterior portion may be associated with a fellow of the same kind 

 or of any of the forms already given. 



In thirty examples of the anterior portion studied in skulls of 

 children under eleven years of age the following disposition is 

 noticed : 



In six the anterior portion is compressed and primitive; in 

 eleven the plane is the same as above, but the lower border was 

 abruptly inflected ; in ten the lower border is flat and the portion 

 more or less wedge-shaped ; in two a moderate amount of diff*ased 

 inflation, and in one a marked degree of the same is present. 



The extent to which the anterior portion may advance into the 

 external nose varies greatly. In a Cimbrian and a Peruvian the 

 bone is placed well within the region of the ascending process of 

 the maxilla. I have observed the same peculiarity in the living 

 subject. 



Notwithstanding that the interior of the nose is ]>rotected by 

 stout bony barriers, the parts may be distorted or destroyed b)^ 

 a variety of circumstances. In the practice of preparing the body 

 for burial adopted by the ancient Peruvians masses of woolen or vege- 

 table fibre were used to plug the nasal chambers. Lateral distor- 

 tions of the turbinals are occasionally seen to be due to this cause.'^ 



When bodies are left exposed to the air immediately after death 

 dipterous insects deposit ova in and about the nostrils. The rav- 

 ages made by the larvte of the insects often destroy the turbinals. 

 In a specimen of a skull of a Mandan Indian the anterior half of 



' No. 1430, aged six years. ^ j^^ ggo 



