42 THE TONER LECTURES. 



forms above given. In 90 examples of all races the middle turbi- 

 nals are thus placed. Of this number 78 were Negroes and 2 Hot- 

 tentots. 



In 47 the left middle turbinals are smaller and more vertically- 

 placed than the right, and exhibited a small horizontal upper bor- 

 der. In 11 of these the left bone is compressed laterally and is 

 straight. The left contour line of the septum is angulated in 

 three of these examples. A similar peculiarity is met with in 4 

 immature skulls. The remaining 36 crania show various degrees 

 of increased obliquity and curvature of the left bone over the right, 

 and in a number of ways a diminished surface. 



2. The Parts ivhich Enter Into the Composition of the Septum. 



The septum has been studied in the present paper for the most 

 part in connection with its disposition to deviate from a vertical 

 plane. 



Several minor points were observed during the examination, 

 which will be first recorded. 



The Perpendicular Plate. — The perpendicular plate advances for- 

 ward to a variable degree. Even in the adult — it was seen in a 

 Bengalese skulP — the anterior end of the plate may be placed as in 

 the young subject. Yet in some specimens, as witnessed in a North 

 American Indian,' the plate was in advance of the plane of the ante- 

 rior nasal aperture. The nasal plate of the frontal bone may be 

 concealed by the advancement of the perpendicular plate of the eth- 

 moid boue beneath. This was note 1 in a Circassian skull.^ In a 

 second skull of the same race the plate is also well advanced and 

 of enormous thickness. 



The plate may reach the nasal bones by a small surface, or may 

 touch the bones along their entire lengths. The latter disposition 

 is well seen in a Negro* and a Peruvian skull.^ 



iNo. 25. 2Upgarook8, No. 1228. 



» No. 762. * No. 914. ^ TSfo. 413. 



