nsecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 



Vol. IV JANUARY-MARCH. 1916 Nos. 1-3 



FOUR EUROPEAN DIPTERA ESTABLISHED IN 

 NORTH AMERICA 



BY FREDERICK KNAB 



The following species of European Diptera appear to be 

 unrecorded for North America, although they are well estab- 

 lished and common under suitable conditions. All of them 

 may be confidently considered introduced species rather than 

 members of the holarctic series. 



Pegomyia hyoscyami Panzer. 



Numerous specimens of this species, reared from a number 

 of different food plants, were submitted to the writer for 

 identification by Mr. E. N. Cory, of the Maryland Agricultural 

 College. As this species had not been previously recorded 

 from America, and no European specimens were available for 

 comparison, a male and female were sent to Dr. J. Villeneuve, 

 the well-known French specialist in Cyclorhapha. He con- 

 firmed the determination, writing under date of June 15, 1915 : 

 "In my opinion it is surely Pegomyia hyoscyami that you have 

 sent. I have carefully compared your specimens with those 

 in my collection and I do not find any difference whatever." 



Further investigation tends to show that Pegomyia vidua 

 Lintner is a synonym of hyoscyami. Specimens determined 

 by the late D. W. Coquillett as vicina are certainly identical, 

 and there is every reason to believe that Lintner had before him 

 the same species. Lintner sent specimens to Meade in England 

 for identification, who pronounced them a species distinct 

 from het<2 Curtis (now recognized as a mere color-variety of 

 hyoscyami), although closely related. Meade's opinion ap- 



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