232 BARK-BEETLES; ENGRAVER-BEETLES 



is a little longer than wide, narrower in front; the wing-covers 

 have about ten striae, confused at the sides, but regular ahove, 

 composed of small, deep, approximate punctures, the spaces be- 

 tween the stria; having a single row of minute, almost obsolete 

 punctures. The male has the excavated venter armed with two 

 long and two shorter spines, and the rim upon the ventral and 

 posterior segments is also armed with a very stout, short and 

 broad projection ; all of which are absent in the female. The en- 

 tire head is hidden by long and fox-colored hair, more dense in 

 the male than in the female. 



Both sexes bore into the tree, the male for food, the female 

 for the purpose of laying eggs. In doing so they bore in a slant- 

 ing upward direction, both in the trunk and branches. The en- 

 trance is usually made in the axil of a bud or leaf, which causes 

 the twig to die, and the leaves to wither and drop. Mr. Bryant, 

 in describing the actions of the female, says, that in depositing 

 the eggs she confines herself to the trunk and larger limbs, plac- 

 ing her eggs on each side of a vertical chamber. Here she dies, 

 and her remains may be found long after her progeny have com- 

 menced to make their cylindrical tunnels, at first transverse and 

 diverging, but afterwards lengthwise along the bark, always 

 crowding the widening burrows with their powdery excrement, 

 which is of the same color as the bark. The full grown larva 

 is soft, yellowish, and without traces of legs, with the head slight- 

 ly darker with brown jaws. It remains torpid during the winter, 

 transforming to a pupa towards the end of the following May. 

 The pupa, also shown, is smooth and unarmed, not showing any 

 sexual differences. The beetles issue through holes made direct 

 from the sap-wood, and a badly infested tree looks as though it 

 had been peppered with No. 8 shot. 



A large number of other similar beetles are also destructive 

 to our trees. A small hickory-bark beetle, (Chramesus icoriae 

 Lee), is not alone found in the food expressed by its specific 

 name, but also in the buds of oak, which are greatly enlarged by 

 the irritation produced by its presence. 



Pine trees suffer greatly from insects belonging to the genera 



