18 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY [Bull. 



formed as "an anterior cliitinized portion of the sac or ptilinum," al- 

 though the hniiila may possibly bear some relation to the posterior 

 area po of the Diptera shown in Fig. 1, L, J, etc. 



The fades or face is the "area of the head bounded by the base of 

 the antennae, the oral margin, eyes and cheeks" according to Walton 

 (1909) who applies the designation mesofacial plate (Lowne, 1890) to 

 that portion of the face enclosed by the ptilinal suture, ftc^ and the , 

 vibrissal ridges, in such muscoidean flies as the one shown in Fig. 4, J. 

 In the mesofacial plate are situated the vertical depressions or shallow 

 grooves called the antennal foveae (also called the antennal fossae or 

 grooves) in which the antennae rest. The lateral borders of these 

 grooves are bounded b}^ the facialia (Desvoidy, 1830) or vibrissal 

 ridges (Hough, 1898), at the lower ends of which are two prominences 

 (one on each side) called the vibrissal angles. In some flies a vertical 

 median ridge, or facial carina, separates the antennal fossae. 



The terms parafacials (Townsend, 1908) or parafacialia (Bezzi, 

 1925) are applied to \\\^ lateral areas of the face (labelled fj in Fig. 

 4, J) which are situated on each side of the mesofacial plate, and lie be- 

 tween the arms of the ptilinal suture, ftc^ and the anterior borders of 

 the eye^. These areas correspond in a general way to the areas 

 called \X\% facial orbits by Loew (1862) and are homologous with the 

 lower portions, at least, of the regions called the parafrontal sclerites 

 in lower insects. The designation "parafrontals", however, is usually 

 restricted to the genovertical plates, gv (Fig. 4, J), in the Diptera, 

 and it would create considerable confusion to apply the term para- 

 frontal sclerites to the areas p/, which may therefore be referred to as 

 the parafacial sclerites. 



Wainwright (1928) misapplies the term "genae" to the parafacial 

 areas, yf of Fig. 4, J, and Walton (1909) does the same, although he 

 calls the true genae, ge of Fig. 4, J, the "cheeks'', apparently not real- 

 izing that the terms genae and cheeks are sjaionymous. Verrall 

 (1909) in criticizing Walton's application of these terms, states that 

 the parafacials, ff of Fig. 4, J, should be called the "side cheeks" and 

 refers to the true genae, ge. as the "jowls". Curran (1934) states that 

 there is such a disconcerting confusion in the application of the desig- 

 nation genae in the Diptera that the term should be dropped, but the 

 students of other orders of insects have always applied the designation 

 genae to the region below (and also slightly behind) the compound 

 eyes, corresponding to the area ge of the fly shown in Fig. 4, J, and 

 there is no reason why the dipterists should not do the same, if they 

 wish to bring their terminology into harmony with that employed by 

 other entomologists. The designation "cheeks" should likewise be 

 restricted to the region ge^ since the terms genae and cheeks are syn- 

 onymous. 



Hendel (1928, p. 19) applies the designation malae to the genae. 

 ge of Fig. 4, J, but the desig-nation malae has always been applied to 

 the lobes of the maxilla (i. e., to the galea or lacinia, or to both united) 

 in coleopterous larvae and other insects, and there is no advantage in 

 further increasing the confusion in anatomical terminology by apply- 

 ing the tenn malae to any other structures than the maxillary lobes. 



