58 CONNECTICUT' GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY [Bllll. 



The sclerite, mm of Fig. 7,1, situated next to the notopterale, no^ 

 is called the second axillary or the intraalare. It lies along the scle- 

 rite, no, and is contiguous anteriorly with the base of the radial vein. 

 A ventral portion of this sclerite dips below the surface of the wing 

 and rests upon the alifer or pleural fulcrum of the wing. This ven- 

 tral portion forms the intraalare proper, while the dorsal portion is 

 sometimes called one of the medial wing plates, although Snodgrass 

 (1927) calls the entire plate the intraalare. 



The third axillary or basanale, ha of Fig. 7, 1, is situated near 

 the base of the anal veins, and is connected with the posterior wing 

 process, anp, by the fourth axillary or adanale, aa. The adanal scle- 

 rite, aa, is probably a detached portion of the posterior wing process, 

 anp. 



There are other plates in the basal region of the wing, such as 

 the mediale, mm (the distal one of the medialia), and the intervenal 

 area, iv, etc., but these sclerites are of less importance than the other 

 axillaries in the movements of flight. 



It is rather interesting to note that a basal fold occurs in the 

 wing of the tabanid shown in Fig. 7, 1, corresponding to a similar 

 fold in the wing of other insects which are capable of laying the 

 wings back along the abdomen in repose (Bulletin Brooki^'n Ent, 

 Society, 23, 1928, p. 113). 



The Calypteres and Axillary Lobe. Three postero-basal lobes, 

 labelled 5cZ, del and alo in Fig. 7, 1, are visible in the extended wing 

 of a tabanid or muscoid fly. The distalmost lobe, alo, marked off by 

 the axillary incision, mc, is called the axillaiy lobe, alula, lobulus, or 

 posterior lobe of the wing, while the two basal lobes, del and hcl are 

 called the calypteres (and the terms squamae, tegulae, alulae, etc.. are 

 also applied to them by dilferent writers). When they are spoken of 

 separately, the lobes hcl and del may be called the proximal or lower 

 calypter, hcl, (which is attached to the thorax) and the distal or upper 

 calypter, del, (which is attached to the wing). When they are referred 

 to in this connection, Haliday (1836) calls them the interior and 

 exterior auricles. Walker (1854) calls them the subscutellar and sub- 

 axillary winglets, Robineau-Desvoidy (1863) calls them the squama 

 inferior and superior, Comstock (1921) calls them the squamula tho- 

 racalis and squamula alaris, Lowne (1890-1895) calls them the squama 

 and squamula, and Osten-Sacken calls them the tegula and antitegula, 

 or squama and antisquama. 



The calypteres are apparently modified portions of the axillary 

 membrane, or membranous region at the base of the wing, and are 

 usually bordered by the axillary cord, or thickened posterior margin 

 of the axillary membrane, which is continuous with the posterior bor- 

 der of the anterior wing-bearing plate (eunotum) of the notal region. 

 The fringe of hairs along the posterior margins of the calypteres is 

 called the squamal fringe when the calypteres are referred to as the 

 squamae. 



The designations applied to the calypteres by some dipterists are 

 applied to the axillary lobe, instead, by other dipterists (as is also the 

 case Avith the term alula), and terms which are used for wholly differ- 



