lOS CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY [Bllll. 



posterioi- o-onapophyses as the proximal o-onapophyses (or parameres). 

 Parker (foi-l) refers to the coiiapophyses as the anterior and poste- 

 i-ior clasi)ers. Iluckett (1924) designates the gonapopliyses as the 

 internal lobes in the Anthomyidae (a term taken from Metcalf's 

 termiiioloav for the parts in male syrphids) and desio-nates the ante- 

 i-ior n()ii apophyses as the cephalic or onter pair, and refers to the 

 posterior <.'-()nai)ophyses as the caudal or inner pair. Wesche (1906) 

 refers to the anterior gonapophyses as the palpi genitalium, and the 

 posterior gonapophyses as the forcipes interiores. Newstead (1911) 

 refei-s to the gonapophyses as the inferior claspers, and Awati (1915) 

 refers to them as the appendages of the vinculum. 



According to Parker (1914), the anterior and posterior gonapoph- 

 yses, which he calls the anterior and posterior ''clas])ers'\ act upon 

 a small i)late which he calls the fulcral plate; and Patton (19:>-2-19a5) 

 describes the structure and method of articulation of the gonapophy- 

 ses (which he calls the ])arameres) in a number of muscoid Hies. 



The gonapophyses in some cases bear sensory setae, and it seems 

 logical to suppose that such structures as thesCy which play an im- 

 portant part in the mating process, may have a sensor}^ function 

 (alth(jugh Metcalf, 1921, considers that the cerci are the only '"sen- 

 sory organs'" in this region of the abdomen), and in fact Wesche 

 (1900) refers to the anterior gonapophyses as the "genital palpi", 

 thus im[)lying that they have a sensory function to some extent. The 

 chief function of the gonapophyses, however, is to serve as hooked 

 processes which fit into certain pockets of the female postabdomen 

 during the mating process. 



]Most of the recent students of the higher Diptera, such as Patton 

 (1932), Hendel (1928), etc., refer to the gonapophyses of the higher 

 Diptera as parameres, although they do not homologize the gona- 

 pophyses of the higher Diptera with the genital forceps, or true para- 

 meres. of the lower Diptera, since they homologize the surstyli, ss^ 

 with the genital forceps of lower Diptera, instead! Lowne (1895) 

 likewise states that the anterior gonapophyses of tlie blowfly are un- 

 doubtedly homologous with the claspers of the genital forceps of male 

 Hymenoptera, but since the Stratiomyidae, Therevidae and other 

 Diptera which have well developed genital forceps, or parameres, 

 nuiy also have distinct gonapophyses (see pc/o of Fig, 12, C) it is hard- 

 ly justifiable to homologize the gonapophyses of the higher Diptera 

 AV]th the genital forceps or parameres of other insects. arSl in fact the 

 gonapophyses of male Cyclorrhapha may be peculiar to these insects. 



I1ie male genital organ of the Cyclorrhapha or the external 

 sclerotized portion of the genital tube of these insects, is variously 

 referred to as the aedeagus (Foudras, 1859), phallosome (Christo- 

 phers, 1922), mesosome (Waterson, 1914), and adminiculum (West- 

 hof, 1882) ; and the designation intromittent organ or penis was 

 frequently applied to it by the earlier dipterists. 



JNIost of the recent writers are inclined to restrict the desicrna- 

 tion penis to the membranous, usually eversible portion, throuo-h 

 whicli the seminal fluid is discharged, and apply the desio-nation 



