110 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY [Bull. 



of the phcalliis labelled pap in Fig. 10, E. and applies the term hypo- 

 phallus to the structure labelled hph in Fig. 10, E: and these terms 

 are the ones usually accepted for the structures in question by the 

 students of the higher Diptera. Berlese (1909). however, employs 

 these terms in a dilferent sense from that proposed by Lowne, since 

 Berlese applies these designations to the channels of the phallophore 

 region which he considers are parts of the eighth and ninth seg- 

 ments combined, although the phallophore is a structure belonging 

 entirely to the ninth segment. Newstead (1911) applies the designa- 

 tion harpes to the parts of the hypophallus, etc., but the term harpes 

 lias been applied to such a varied assortment of structures in the 

 neighborhood of the aedeagus that it is almost impossible to deter- 

 in hie what is meant when this term is used, and if the term harpes 

 is used at all, it is preferable to restrict it to the distal segments of 

 the genital forceps. 



Carpenter and Hewitt (1914) refer to the membranous distal 

 portion of the aedeagus as the glans penis; and the term acrophallus 

 has been applied to the region of the phallus distal to the paraphalli, 

 which is sometimes differentiated in the Calliphoridae and related 

 muscoid flies. 



The phallus becomes greatly developed in some of the higher 

 Diptera, and the phallus of Palloptera terminalis shown in Fig. 244, 

 p. 493, of the paper by Cole (1927) is modified in a remarkable man- 

 ner, while the aedeagus of the otitid fly shown in Fig. 10, J, takes 

 on the form of a long, flat, spirally coiled ribbon. 



The large apodeme, aad of Fig. 10, E, Fig. 14, E and F, and 

 Fig. 9a, A, etc., at the base of the aedeagus, may be referred to as 

 the phallic, or aedeagal apodeme. Patton^(1932) designates it as the 

 shaft or apodeme of the phallosome, while Snodgrass (1935) calls it 

 the basal apodeme.* Huckett (1924) adopts Metcalf's designation 

 sustentacular apodeme for the aedeagal apodeme in the Anthomyidae, 

 and Hewitt (1914) refers to it as the inferior apophysis in the house- 

 fly. Wesche (1906) calls the aedeagal apodeme the great apodeme, 

 and states that the parts are paired in Gynoplmia, Bibio and Tabamus, 

 and are partuiUy fused in Glossin-a and Sepsis^ while thev are fused 

 or united in the median line in CallipKora according to Lowne (1895), 

 who calls them the great apodemes. 



A diverticulum, or sac of the ejaculatorv duct, ed, forms the 

 ejaculator or ejaculatorv sac, bulb or syringe, labelled sao in Fig. 9a, 

 A, of the parts of Phormia regina. This' sac. called the sperm 

 pump by Patton (1932), was first described by Wesche (1906), 

 who applied the designation ejaculatory apodeme to the flat central 

 sclcrite which arises from one side of the cuticular lining of the duct, 

 and supports the muscular sheath of the sac. This sclerite (called 

 the sperm pump sclerite by Patton, 1932) is drawn into the sac by 

 the action of the muscles mentioned above, and acts as a piston, or 

 the^luriger of a syringe, to force out the seminal fluid from the sac 



L^R^^.^'^I*' '!.'"^^''^^'??n^?f *^^ sclerites and their muscles are given in Fi^r 310 naep 

 606, by Snodgrass (1935), and by Graham-Smith (1928). ^^ 



