118 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT, HIST. SURVEY [^Bllll. 



ate stem, but the members of the superfamily Helomyzoidea, includ- 

 in<r the Opomyzidae, Clusiidae, Helomyzidae, etc., present some very 

 interesting features suo-oestive of the ancestors of the lower Calyp- 

 teratae, since the aedeagus of many of these forms is very suggestive 

 of the precursor of the type of aedeagus encountered in the Anthomy- 

 idae and other forms at the base of the calypterate stem; and the 

 Helomyzoidea i-etain the sixth abdominal tergite in the male, as must 

 have been the case in the ancestors of the Calypteratae, whose primi- 

 tive members have also preserved the sixth abdominal tergite in the 

 males. On the other hand, the males of the calobatoid series (which 

 also tend to preserve the sixth abdominal segment fairly normally 

 developed) exhibit certain features suggestive of the precursors of 

 the Cordyluridae (such as ParalJelomma^ etc.), wliich some recent 

 dipterists consider to be primitive representatives of the calypterate 

 stock; and it is yet uncertain which acalypterate series leads to the 

 calypterate stem.* 



The proper location of the section Hippoboscomorpha (or Pupi- 

 para) in the general phylogenetic scheme is still a matter of debate. 

 The male genitalia of the Braulidae and Nycteribiidae are so striking- 

 ly similar that they evidentl}^ should be grouped together in the super- 

 family Brauloidea ; but they do not resemble the Hippoboscoidea very 

 closely in their genitalic details, and it is very difficult to determine 

 where to place these aberrant forms. 



The Calypteratae comprise the section Mtiscomo/'pha, which may 

 be divided into two principal superfamilies. The first of these, the 

 superfamily Muscoidea (in the restricted sense), contains the An- 

 thomyidae (as the "key" group) and the Muscidae, with which the 

 Scatophagidae might also be included; and the Glossinidae also ap- 

 parently belong in this superfamily. The Cordyluridae, which are 

 placed near the ]\Iuscidae by recent dipterists, have male terminalia 

 of a type somewhat different from that occurring in the typical Mus- 

 coidea, and it is not clear just where the Cordyluridae belong in the 

 phylogenetic scheme. 



The second calypterate superfamily, the Tachinoidea or "Lar- 

 vaevoroidea", includes the Phasiidae, the Dexiidae, the Tachinidae 

 or "Larvaevoridae", the Oestridae, the Cuterebridae, the Sarcophagi- 

 dae or "Metopiidae", and possibly the Calliphoridae (which are also 

 very closely related to the Muscoidea). The Gastrophilidae may pos- 

 sibly also belong in this superfamily, although thev have been placed 

 in the acalypterate series by some dipterists. 



vaT-ion^ fi'miifii'^^f '^^7*^."^ questions concerning; the proper arrangement of the 

 vai ous families of acalypterate Cyclorrhapha can best be solved bv studvine- the 



and 'it' ir^7h'T^'/^^^'V''."v:' '^^ '^^ '"^^^ terminalia in the families in queftioni 

 and It IS lo be hoped that these necessary studies will be made in the near future. 



