236 



CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY [BlllL 



The immature stages frequent a wide range of ecological habitats, 

 from species that are aquatic to others living in saturated earth and 

 debris at tlie maririns of streams; others in damp leaf mold m woods; 

 others in dry earth, moss cushions, or even in relatiyely dessicated 

 crarden soil. The adults of some of the species are among the largest 

 of our Diptera, while even the smallest of the local species are still 

 far above the average size for the family. 



Key to Subgenera 



1. Outer cells of wings with macrotrichia Trichotipula 



Cells of wings without macrotrichia 2 



2. Coloration of body polished and patterned witli yellow and black, or yellow 



and rusty-red, with m-cii inserted beyond base of cell 1st M^ (at or be- 

 fore this cell in Nephrotoiiia) >^ 



Coloration of body opaque, pruinose or pollinose, usually gray brown or 

 yellow, never with the contrasted colors found in Ncphrotoma 4 



3. Wings with m-cu close to or just beyond base of cell 1st Ah; veins Mi 



and M-2 with macrotrichia ; ovipositor with elongated sclerotized cerci 



Nitidotipula 



Wings witli >u-cii some distance beyond base of cell 1st M-2; M and its 

 branches without macrotrichia; ovipositor with short and fleshy cerci 



Nobilotipula 



4. A','; unusually long, fully twice m-cu, in alignment with Ru-„ the basal de- 



flection of the latter lacking; m-cu uniting with Ms+i some distance be- 

 fore fork of latter, very rarely at fork ; anepisternum with setae ; 

 pleurotergal tubercle conspicuous; large species (wings, $, 22-25 mm.; 



?, 27-30 mm.) Nippotipula 



Rs of moderate length, ranging in length to one-half longer than ,n-cn; in 

 rarer cases {Vatnatotipula, Vcstiplcx, Oreoi!!y:;a) attaining to fully twice 

 the length but, if so, with basal section of Rt+s present; m-cu inserted 

 at fork of Ms^.^ or beyond on base of Mi (except in Tipula dickinsoni) ; 

 anepisternum glabrous ; pleurotergal tubercle lacking or but feebly de- 

 veloped ; usually much smaller species (but in valida, wing, S- 20 24 mm. 

 9 , 22-24 mm. ") 5 



5. Wings with m-cu unusually long, so cell Mt is very deep and much wider 



at base than at margin; vein Cui not conspicuously constricted at point 

 of insertion of m-cn; male hypopygium with midregion of tergite ex- 

 tended into a median compressed blade, rarely depressed (if so, Tipula 

 idci the lobe glabrous, its apex not roughened by points, as in Tipula 



and Yauiatotipula) Schummelia 



Wings with m-c%i of moderate length, so cell Mi is short and but little wider 

 at base than at margin ; Oui more constricted or shirred at point of in- 

 sertion of m-cu; male hypopygium with tergite not extended into a median 

 compressed blade (in Yauiatotipula and Tipula. olcracea group, with a 

 median entire or bifid depressed lobe) 6 



6. Ovipositor with hypovalvae greatly reduced, the cerci correspondingly large, 



hea\ ily sclerotized, placed horizontally and with the margins serrate ; 

 male hypopygium with the caudal portion of tergite (Fig. 27, A-D) 

 bearing a shallow, often blackened and polished saucer ; claws ( 5 ) 



simple Vestiplex 



Ovipositor with hypovalvae well-developed ; cerci either reduced and fleshy 

 {Arctotipula; Lunatipula, bicornis group), or, usually, elongate and 

 slender, the margins never serrate ; male hypopygium without a tergal 

 saucer ; claws ( <J ) usually with a basal tooth 7 



7. Male hypopygium with sclerites fused into a continuous ring (more 



separated in iroquois, which has the tergite much as in other Yamatotip- 



ula) ; claws {$) toothed 8 



]\Tale h\popygium with the ninth tergite and sternite separated by pale 

 membrane ; claws ( $ ) tool bed or simple 9 



