290 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVET [Bull. 



darker stripes. Antennae bicolorous. Male hypopygium very large; 

 tergite (Fig. 32, O). $. L. 20-22 mm.; w. 20-24 mm.; antenna, 7.5- 

 8 mm, ?. L. 20-22 mm.: w. 22-24 mm. 



(Late Mav-Aug.) Ont., Que.. Nfd., N. B.. N. S.. Me., N. H., Vt., Mass., N. Y., 

 N. J., Pa.,'westw. to Wise, and Minn., southw. to N. C. (Canadian, Transition). 



Connecticut— Putnam, June 15. 1933 (C. P. A.); Short Beach (C. W. J.); Windsor, 

 June 13. 1927 (R.B.F.). 



Subfamily Cylindrotominae 



An isolated subfamily, serving in a remarkable manner to con- 

 nect the Tipulinae with the Limoniini. The subfamily is of small 

 extent, with only nine genera and about 40 recent species. The dis- 

 tribution is chiefly Holarctic and Antipodal. 



The adult flies are sluggish, usually to be swept from rank vegeta- 

 tion in shaded spots. The larvae differ from those of all other crane- 

 flies in their habit of living on the leaves of various bryophytic and 

 spermatojjhytic plants, where they feed almost in the manner of 

 certain lepidopterous caterpillars . The body of the adult fly, especi- 

 ally the abdomen, is elongate. The ovipositor has fleshy valves of a 

 peculiar structure, modified for the purpose of laying eggs in plant 

 tissues. 



Key to Genera 



1. Head and mesonotum, excepting the praescutal stripes and centers of scutal 



lobes, with numerous deep punctures ; a deep median longitudinal groove 



on praescutum; wing (Fig. 33, I) Triogma 



Head and mesonotum smooth ; no median praescutal groove 2 



2. Three branches of Radius reach the wing-margin, Rl^2 being preserved as 



a distinct element (Fig. 33, E) Phalacrocera, part 



Two branches of Radius reach the margin, R-.+v. being entirely atrophied, 

 giving the appearance of a long backward fusion of vein 7?i and the 

 anterior brancli of Rs (Fig. 33, F-I) 3 



3. Four branches of Media reach the margin (Fig. 33, G) Cylindrotoma 



Three branches of Media reach the margin 4 



4. Wings with crossvein r-vi usually present ; outer end of cell 1st il/? almost 



always closed by a single transverse vein, cell Mi being present, sessile 

 to short-petiolate ; cells 2iid M« and Mi confluent by atrophy or partial 

 atrophy of distal section of vein Ah; antennae nearly simple, the lower 

 face of individual segments not produced (Fig. 33, A, F) Phalacrocera, part 

 Wings with crossvein r-vi usually shortened to quite obliterated by the ap- 

 proximation or fusion of veins 7?4+5 and il/;42 ; outer end of cell 1st M2 

 closed by two transverse veins, these being in and the basal section of 

 Ms; cell Ml lacking, cells 2nd M3 and Ms distinct; antennae strongly 

 nodulose, especiallv in male, the individual segments nearly cordate 

 (Fig. 33, C, H).." , Liogma 



Phalacrocera Schiner 

 1863- Phalacrocera Schiner; Wien. Ent. Monatschr., 7:224. 



A limited group (ten species), distributed throughout the Holarc- 

 tic Region. The venation of the more generalized species {neoxena^ 

 repTicafa) is quite as in the genus Tipida and serves to interpret the 



