298 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY [BlllL 



6. Anal angle of wing prominent, almost square; Sc lynig very close to R. 

 Sci not evident ; Rs long, straight or slightly convex, diverging from R-, 

 at an acute angle, ending approximately between the branches of Rs cr 



else in alignment with R^ (Fig. 38. C). (Antocharia) Antocha 



Anal angle of wing normally rounded; Sc distinct from R, Sc-, far from 

 tip of Sci, lying basad of origin of Rs; Rs long, lying very close to Rj 

 and nearly parallel with it, its distal end in alignment with R,,s; basal 

 section of' Rm short and arcuated, diverging at nearly a right angle from 

 the end of Rs (Fig. 19, E). ( Ellipteraria) Elliptera, part 



1. Subtribe Limoniaria 



Limonia Meigen 



1800. Amphinome Meigeii; Nouv. Class. Moiich., p. 15 (nom. lutd.). 



1803. Lhnonia Mei^en; Illiger's Mafj., '2 : 262. 



1818. Limnobm Mei^en; Syst. Beschr. Zweifl. Ins.. 1 : 116. 



As now constituted, the subtribe includes only the genus Limonia, 

 with about a score of suboenera that have long been held to represent 

 valid generic groups. The reasons for relegating these familiar 

 names to this lesser ranking have been jjiven by the Avriter in another 

 paper (Philippine Journ. 8ci., 40:239 -248; 1929). 



Limonia.. in this broad sense, will very probably be found to be 

 the largest genus of Tipulidae, even exceeding the vast genus Tipula. 

 Limonia is found in every region of the World, including the lesser 

 oceanic islands, whereas Tipula is lacking or "\artually so in certain 

 major land areas, notably Australia and New Zealand. 



In so protean a group we encounter a tremendous range in struc- 

 ture, involving almost all parts of the body. Thus we have species 

 with elongate rostra {Geranomyia, Fig. 34, C), with others having 

 very reduced mouth parts; other forms with branched antenna! seg- 

 ments (Ehipidia, males, Fig. 34, F, G) to others that have the usual 

 simple structure of this organ; and forms with supernumerary cross- 

 veins in certain cells of the wing {Dlscohola) or lacking such extra 

 elements. 



The adult flies are very common and familiar. The larvae live 

 in a great variety of ecological habitats, as marine (some Dicran- 

 omyia. Geranomyia) ; lithophilous, living in saturated mosses and 

 crusts of liverworts on the faces of shaded cliffs (many Geranoinyia, 

 some DUrano'my'm) ; in decaying wood and beneath bark {Livtonia, 

 Dlscohola, some Rhlpldla) ; in fungi {Llrit07ila) ; and, in fact, in the 

 great majority of ecological niches occupied by members of this 

 family. 



Key to Subgenera 



1. Wings with m and both sections of vein Ms, lacking, cell Mi thus being 



entirely obliterated (Fig. 34, B) Limonia: Aiexandriaria 



^^'ings with at least the distal section of M^ preserved and usually with both 

 sections, together with m, cell Ms thus usually present (Fig. 34, A) 2 



2. A supernumerary crossvein in cell 1st -A, connecting the two Anal veins. 



Limonia: Discobola 

 No supernumerary crossvein in cell Jst A .■? 



Yii 



