CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 



INTRODUCTION. PAGE 



The Orders of Fresh-water Fishes — Characters used in Classification of Fishes— The Forms of 

 Fresh-water Fishes — The Structui-e of the Fins and the Fin Formvdse — The Scales — Organs 

 of the Senses— The Mouth — The 0])erculum and Gill-arches — The Skeleton — Air-bladder — 

 Digestive Organs — Reproductive Organs — Growth — Geographical Distribution— Table showing 

 Range of Species — Table showing Classification of Fishes described 1 



CHAPTER II. 



FRESH- WATER FISHES OF THE ORDER ACANTHOPTERYGII. 



FAMILY PERCID^ — Genus Perca : The River Perch — The Bass — Genus Percarina : 

 Percarina demidoffii — Genus Acerina : The Ruff or Pope — Acerina schrsetzer — Acerina 

 rossica — Genus Lucioperca : The Pike-Perch — The Pike-Perch of the Volga — Genus 

 AspRO : The Zingel— The Apron— The Streber— FAMILY COTTID^— Genus Cottus : The 

 Miller's Thumb— Cottus poecilopus — Father Lasher — FAMILY GOBIID^ — Genus Gobius : 

 Species of Goby -The Polewig— FAMILY BLENNIID^- Genus Blennius— FAMILY 

 ATHERINIDJE-Genus Atherina : The Sand Smelt— FAMILY MUGILID^— Genus 

 MuGiL : The Grey MixUet- FAMILY GASTEROSTEIDiE— Genus Gasterosteus : The 

 Sticklebacks .--.._. - - - - 23 



CHAPTER III. 



FRESH-WATER FISHES OF THE ORDER ANACANTHINI. 



FAMILY GADID^ — Genus Lota — Fresh-water Representatives of the Cod Family — The 



Burbot— FAMILY PLEURONECTID^— The Flounder— The Sole 8 



CHAPTER IV. 



PKESH-WATER FISHES OF THE ORDER PHYSOSTOIII. 



FAMILY SILURID^-Genus Silurus— FAMILY CYPRINID^— Genus Ctprinus : The 

 Carp : Its Varieties and Hybrids — Genus Carassius : The Crucian Carp — Goldfish — The 

 Carassius bucephalus— Genus Barbus : The Barbels of Central Europe and Spain — Genus 

 AuLOPYGE : Aulopyge hiigelii — Genus Gobio : The Gudgeon —Gobio uranoscopus - - - 90 



CHAPTER V. 



FRESH-WATEK FISHES OF THE ORDER PHYSOSTOMI (continued). 



GliOUP LEUCISCINA— Genus Leuciscus : The Rudd, and its varieties— The Ide— Leuciscus 

 aula— L. adspersus— The Roach— L. pigus— L. friesii— The Chub— The Dace— L. illyricus — 

 L. pictus — L. svallize— L. iikliva — L. tiu'skyi — L. microlepis — L. tenellus — L. muticellus— The 

 Minnow— L. hispanicus— L. arcasii— L. alburnoides— L. macrolepidotus-L. arrigonis — L. 

 Icnmiingii -L. heckelii— L. pyrenaicus — L. polylepis— Genus Paraphoxinus— Genus Tinca : 

 The Tench— Genus Chondrostoma : C. nasus— C. phoxinus— C. genei — C. knerii— C. rysela 

 — C. polylejiis-C. willkommii - ^ ------ . 133 



CHAPTER \l. 



fresh-water fishes op the order PHYSOSTOMI {cuntinucd). 



GROUP RHODEINA— Genus Rhodeus : The Bittcrling— GROUP AP.RAMIDINA— Genus 



Abrami-^ : The Bream— A. vimhu -A. elongatus— A. 4;)allerus— A. sapu— A. leuckartii- A. 



