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THE FRKSll-WA'I'Kl; FISHES (lE EFHOPE. 



extends behind the eye. All the tooth-hearing- elements of the jaws have large 

 teeth of uniform size, Avhieh are stronger than in the Salbling. Those on the 

 palatine bone, whieh form a single row, and those on the tongue in a doiible 

 row, are as strong as the others. The hyoid bone has a row of feeble teeth ; but 

 the smallest teeth are on the vomer. They usually number seven or eight, and 

 may be grouped as variously as in S. .salrelimis, though often placed in a simple 

 transverse row. The pre-operculum and operculum are rounded and their 

 margins are nearly parallel. There are eleven branchiostegal rays on the right 

 side, and twelve on the left. 



The dorsal fin begins in front of the middle of the body, and is nearly as 

 high as long. The anal lin is lower and shorter. The small adipose fin is 



Fig. 162.— SAI.MCI I'MULA (iixx.Krs). 



opposite the termination of the anal. The ventral fins are opposite the middle 

 of the dorsal, and have longer rays than the anal. The terminal rays of the 

 forked caudal fin are a little longer than the pointed pectoral fin. 



The scales furnish marked evidence of affinity with S. .sulrernnis, for 

 along the lateral line there are similarly one hundred and twenty to one 

 hundred and twenty-two scales, perforated with mucus ])ores ; but in the neigh- 

 bouring rows there are twenty to twenty-five fewer scales in a row than in that 

 species. The cephalic canals are distinct, and the sub-orbital branch opens 

 with six or seven large pores. 



The number of ])yloric appendages is similarly about thirty-six, and there 

 are sixty-live vertebrae instead of sixty-four. 



The colour at the back is bluish-grey, sometimes without, sometimes with, 

 small round yellowish spots. The lower parts of the body are whitish and 

 silvery, but sometimes slightly tinged with yellow or red. In old males the 

 operculum and sides of the belly have a smudged appearance, as though 

 marked with a stick of charcoal. The dorsal fin is marked with isolated black 



