DICHOTOMOUS KEY TO THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 



1. Wings reduced ; flightless . . . . . . . . . , 2 



Wings developed for flight (except Biziitra, No. 80) . . . . 6 



2. Found in the sea ; web-footed. Penguins. 3 

 Terrestrial . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 



3. Longer than 20 inches ; crested. 



Catarrhactes chrysocome (Crested Penguin). 

 Shorter than 20 inches ; not crested. 



Endyptida minor (Little Penguin). 



4. Fleshy helmet on head ; bill narrow. 



Casuarius anstralis (Cassowary). 

 Xo fleshy helmet ; bill broad. Drom.eus. Emus. 5 



5. Feathers uniform grey with black tips. D. novce-JioUandice (Emu). 

 Feathers barred, silky white and dark grey. 



D. irroratiis (Spotted Emu). 



6. Swimmers : web-looted or with lateral lobes - . . . . 7 

 Waders (with partial membranes between toes) and Land birds . . 105 



7. With lateral lobes to toes . . . . . . . . . . 8 



Web-footed (except Cladorhynchus, No. iig, and Recurvirostra, 



No. 140, Waders with very long, thin legs ; tarsus 3 inches) 11 



8. General colour black. Fidica anstralis (Coot). 

 General colour white and brown. Podiceps. Grebes 



9. Length 20 inches. P. cristatus (Tippet Grebe) 

 Length 10 inches 



10. Chin and throat black, with chestnut stripe down each side of neck 



P. novce-hollandice (Black-throated Grebe) 

 Head black or brown ; in summer with white hair-like feathers 



P. poliocephalus (Hoary-headed Grebe) 



11. Nostrils running out in short or long tubes 

 Nostrils simple openings 



12. Nostrils united or nearly so above beak 

 Nostrils distinct and separate 



13. Length about 8 inches ; second primary longest. Storm-Petrels 

 Length 12 inches or more ; first primary longest or not shorter 



than second. Petrels 



14. Basal joint of middle toe much flattened. Cymodroma 

 Basal joint of middle toe not flat 



15. Centre of abdomen white like flanks. 



C. grallaria (White-bellied Storm-Petrel) 

 Centre of abdomen black. 



C. melanogaslra (Bhick-tx'llii'd Storm-Petrcl) 



10 



12 



49 

 13 

 42 



14 



18 



15 

 16 



