10 Campbell, Dichotomous Key. 



403. White tips to primaries and secondaries of wing. 



S. plumbea (Leaden Crow-Shrike). 

 No white tips to primaries and secondaries. 



S. intermedia (Lesser Crow-Shrike). 



404. Black band across white back . . . . . . . . 405 



Back white from head to tail (but grey or mottled black in female 



or 3^oung) . . . . . . . • • • • • 4^^ 



405. Bill 2.4 inches. G. longirostris (Long-billed Magpie). 

 Bill 2 inches. G. tibicen (Black-backed Magpie). 



406. Length 15 inches ; wing 10 inches or over ; tarsus more than 2 inches 407 

 Length 13 inches ; wing 9.6 inches ; tarsus less than 2 inches. 



G. hyperleuca (Lesser White-backed Magpie). 



407. Wing II inches; bill 2.2 inches. (Back grey in female and young.) 



G. leuconota (White-backed Magpie). 



Wing 10 inches ; bill 2.1 inches. (Back mottled in female and black 



in voung.) G. dorsalis (Varied-backed Magpie). 



408. Total length 10 to 13 inches (including two Grancaliis, light grey 



birds, 9.5 inches long, No. 440) . . . . . . . . 409 



Total length 10 inches and less (including Cinclosoma pundatum. 

 No. 628, a spotted bird with white or shining 'throat, and 

 Pomatorhinus temporalis, No. 613, dark brown, with curved 

 bill ; both 10.5 inches long) . . . . . . . . 450 



409. Bill about 1.5 inches, straight and stout, with tip curved and thorn- 



like (plumage brownish in youth, and with base of bill light 



brown). Cracticus. Butcher-Birds. 410 



Mandibles about equal, no thorn-like tip . . . . . . 417 



410. Plumage all black or black and white . . . . . . . . 411 



Plumage greyish or brownish . . . . . . . . 414 



411. Plumage all black (the female when immature is all brown) . . 412 

 Plumage black and white . . . . . . . . . . 413 



412. Butts of feathers dull white ; wing 7.6 inches. 



C. qitoyi (Black Butcher-Bird). 

 Butts of feathers slate-brown ; wing 5.5 inches. 



C. spaldingi (Spalding Butcher-Bird). 



413. Bill 1.9 inches ; wing 7.1 inches. 



C. nigrigularis (Black-throated Butcher-Bird). 

 Bill 1.5 inches ; wing 6.5 inches. C. picatits (Pied Butcher-Bird). 



414. Back and flanks grey or brownish : lores light ; tip of outer web of 



tail feathers mostly blackish . . . . . . . . 415 



Back silvery grey ; flanks, like abdomen, white ; lores blackish ; 

 whole tips of tail feathers white. 



C. argenteiis (Silver-backed Butcher-Bird). 



415. Back and sides of upper breast brownish ; only three secondaries 



edged white . . . . . . . . . . 416 



Back and sides of upper breast greyish ; many wing feathers edged 

 with white. C. leucopterus (White-winged Butcher-Bird). 



416. Length 10 to 10.5 inches ; wing 5.5 inches ; bih 1.25 to 1.5 inches. 



C. destructor (Butcher-Bird). 

 Smaller measurements and less white on wings and tail. 



C. cinereus (Grey Butcher-Bird). 



