VI PREFACE. 



may attain considerable age and size. A single chestnut of exceptional 

 size may be seen in Norwich, Vt., five feet eight inches in diameter, and more 

 than fifty years old, but it was planted where it now stands, and the chestnuts 

 are of little value. An occasional Shagbark Hickory of moderate size may 

 also be met with, though the Pignut Hickory is not infrequent in the woods, 

 and the Bitternut Hickory ascends the Connecticut as far north as Wells 

 river. The Black Birch, and the Grey Birch, as well as the Pitch Pine, are 

 rare north of Hanover and not common in its vicinity, while the Sycamore 

 or Buttonwood is nowhere seen in a wild state. To the above may be added 

 as decidedly rare, the Sassafras, the Spice Bush [Lindera], the Flowering Dog- 

 wood [Cormis florida), the Red Cedar, and the common Juniper, together 

 with many other trees and shrubs that fifty miles south of Hanover may be 

 common. 



On the other hand, as the traveller advances thirty miles northward from 

 Hanover, another class of aborescent vegetation appears, that either is not 

 found at all southward, or at least is not abundant. Here the White Cedar 

 becomes plentiful and very valuable, the Tamarack or American Larch fills 

 the swamps, and the White Spruce occasionally appears, while the Black 

 Spruce covers the lower mountain tops, the Paper Birch adorns the hillsides, 

 the Green Alder is found by the streams and in the ravines, and the Elder 

 has red berries more commonly than black ones. Additional illustrations 

 might readily be given, but the above will indicate what changes may be noted 

 within sixty miles only of latitude. 



The first and preliminary edition of this Catalogue was issued in 18S2. 

 Since that time some additional explorations of the region have been made, 

 very much increasing the list of names and supplying much valuable infor- 

 mation. 



In order to make the Catalogue as useful as possible to the author's classes 

 in Natural History, for whom primarily it has been prepared, there have been 

 added the names of such plants as are most commonly met with in cultivation, 

 arranged under their respective Orders. These do not properly belong to the 

 Flora, and are distinguished from the rest either by the arrangement of the 

 type or by being enclosed in square brackets. Their description will be found 

 in Gray^s Field, Forest, and Garden Botany, while the description of plants 

 belonging to the Flora proper will be found in Gray's Manual of the Botany 

 of the Noi'thern United States, Sixth Edition, i8go. The synonyms refer to 

 the fifth edition of the same Manual. The names of introduced and culti- 

 vated species are printed in small capitals. The local or English name of 

 each plant has been added so far as known. And as an additional aid to the 

 student, brief directions have been given ior collecting and //'i^j-^rz//;/^ plants 

 and for \.\\t. formation of an Herba7'ium. Localities not designated are in New 

 Hampshire. 



In the preparation of the previous edition of the Flora, free use was made 

 of a Catalogue of New Hampshire plants compiled for the Geological Survey 

 of the State by Wm. F. Flint, and a large amount of information and personal 

 assistance was contributed by Nathan Barrows, M. D., then of Meriden. 

 From the Vermont side of the Connecticut river some rare species were 



