0)1 a New Species of Grapfontida: 57 



I "')•") cm. to 5-7 cm. ; each of these four stipes bifurcates at 

 an auole of about 70 , and then extends for a length varying 

 from 38 cm. to 8'85 cm., when a fourtli bifurcation (the first 

 being where the funicle is given off from the sicula) takes 

 phice at about 45°. Tlie two following bifurcations take 

 l)lace at smaller angles. The intermediate stipes become 

 somewhat curved, probably owing to their Hexuous nature, 

 and vary very much in length in the same individual. The 

 stipes after the last bifurcation are very much the longest, 

 ni'arly all of them in one specimen being upwards of 20 cm. 

 in length, and even then not .showing any tei-minations. In 

 the same specimen, two stipes seem to terminate at 164 cm. 

 and 10 cm. res|>ectively, and two others at 234 cm., though 

 one of tlio latter is somewhat indistinct, owing to the 

 jointing of the rock. No hydrotheca3 are discernible until 

 after the fifth bifurcation. The breadth of the stock in the 

 specimen as shown in Fig. 1, on a much reduced scale, is 

 75-75 cm., l)nt as the growth was probably equal on both 

 sides of the centre, we would have the breadth of the entire 

 stock as not less than 100 cm. The stipes are monoprionidian 

 and, where the hydrothecae are well developed, are 2 mm. 

 broad; the stipes which do not show any hydrothecw are 

 also about the same width ; tliese measurements may be 

 slightly in excess as they ai-e made from much compressed 

 sp(icimens. The solid axis is plainly visible in the type 

 specimen ; and there is no appearance whatever of a central 

 corneous disc. The hydrothecse are acute, indent the 

 branches foi- about one-tliird the width, and are free for a 

 little less than half their length ; the upper margin or 

 a[»erture is slightly concave, and the lower margin is slightly 

 cui'ved, and make- an angle of about 25° with the axis, 

 joining the common canal at a point a little lower than the 

 aperture of the second lower hydrotheca, narrower at the 

 junction with the common canal than at the aperture; 

 hydrothecpe number from 8 to 9 in the centimetre. 

 Tc.mnogvapfii.s macpiificus diffei's from all other species I 

 have seen described in its enormous size : it is, however, 

 ■ •losely related to T. mu/tiplc.t:, Nicholson, of the Skiddaw 

 Series, which is chaiacterised by the reguUnit}' of its 

 dichotomous branching; but the former differs from the 

 latter in the much greater variation in the length of the 

 stipes between the bifurcations, in the angles at which the 

 corres])onding stipes diverge, and in the more crowded 

 livdrothecie. 



