132 Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria. 



The President expressed the opinion, that the results 

 Mr. Griffiths had placed on record, were valuable for 

 engineering purposes. The country around Warrnambool 

 appeared to be of a ver_y interesting nature, and the remark- 

 able feature of fresh water springs at some distance from the 

 shore, was one of a peculiarly startling character. 



The Re\^ Mr. Cresswell said that it was possible that the 

 lower beds might be true Eocene. It was a pity that the 

 expression " gault " and " green sand " were used. It was 

 generally supposed that those terms had a technical meaning^ 

 relating to cretaceous beds. 



Mr. Dennant said he was very much interested in the 

 paper, and he was glad to find in it some of his own views 

 confirmed. He fully agreed with Mr. Griffiths, that the lime- 

 stone referred to was not part of the peolian stone. In that 

 stone, he never yet saw any Hints ; he believed it to be a 

 deposit of limestone in the ordinary wa}-. He thought the 

 term "gault" was a misnomer. The term had probably 

 crept in, owing to its having been used in the Warrnamhool 

 Standard by Mr. Bennett, who was not a geologist. Calcite 

 was a very common formation in that part of the country. 

 In cave country generally calcite could be found, and in that 

 he believed was an explanation of its origin. It was a 

 deposit from water containing carbonate of lime in solution. 

 He understood Mr. Griffiths to say that the " green sand " 

 might probably be formed by the action of pyroxene on the 

 lava. It was pretty certain that the carbonate of lime, 

 although called "green stone," was laid down long before 

 the lava was ever poured out. Pliocene beds were laid down 

 long before the lava could have any access to such beds, 

 as it would have to traverse a great many feet of super- 

 incumbent sand. The borings mentioned in the paper had 

 been in his possession some time ago. He tested nearly all 

 of them and, with the exception of one or two at the top, 

 found them to be carbonate of lime. Mr. Griffiths followed 

 the usual opinion, that the tertiaries of Western Victoria lie 

 on the mesozoic beds of Cape Otway. It was impossible to 

 say whether they did or not. The bore had not been sunk 

 deep enough, but they had never been seen in that part of 

 the country to lie on mesozoic rocks. Further west, there 

 was an outcrop of those rocks, and there they were not of 

 very great thickness. He had seen their base, in the heart 

 of the district where they rested, on the so-called metamor- 



