63 



ded into a large number of balls 



(Fig. 47 a, b, c). These have to 



begin with no membrane (Fig. 



47 a) but get soon a distinct wall 



(Fig. 47 b). They are of different 



size, larger and smaller and at 



first spherical but gradually as 



they increase in size (Fig. 47 c), 



fdling up the whole lumen of the 



mother cell and growing closely 



to each other, they assume by 



mutual pressure a polygonal form 



(Fig. 44 b, c). The primary, un- 

 icellular cell is in this way now 



divided into a number of smal- 

 ler cells. 



The mother cell, having been 



divided in this way into a great 



number of cells, is now ready to 



be ramified. This takes place in 



the following way. From each of 



the small cells cupola outgrowths 



emerge (Fig. 47 d). These grow 



longer and longer, cylindric-clavi- 



form, assuming by and by quite 



the same form as the mother cell only 

 as a rule somewhat smaller, especially 

 shorter (Fig. 48 a). Each cell has an- 

 nular constrictions at its base like the 

 mother cell but fewer in number. The 

 branches are always in open connection 

 with the cell from which they have 

 grown out and they are so strongly con- 

 nected with it, that this nearly always 

 follows the branch, when it is torn off 

 (Fig. 48 a). 



The branch cells are to begin with 

 unicellular ; but soon the same develop- 

 in the mother cell 

 takes place in them, the cell contents 

 are divided into a number of balls, 

 which by and by grow together filling up 



Fig. 45. Siphonocladus tropicus 

 (Crouaii) J. Ag. 

 Base of a plant showing the annu- 

 larly constricted nethermost part 

 of the stipe and the rhizoids, some 

 of them with cross walls and pro- 

 vided with starch. (12:1). 



F\s;A6.i>iphonocladus tropicus . i -i j 



(Crouan) J. As. "^^^^^ ^^ described 



Part of the base of a plant. 



From some of the cells in 



the rhizoids young erect 



shoots grow up. (12:1). 



