68 



an often somewhat concave wall from the mother cell. In their 

 upper end these branches again are ramified quite in the same 

 way and this very regular ramification takes place several times, 

 with the result that the plant gets a nice candelabrum-like appear- 

 ance (Fig. 52). 



So far as I have been able to follow the development in my 

 material, the formation of the branches takes place in the follow- 

 ing way; first much cell plasma with chromatophores and nuclei 

 accumulate at the point where a branch will grow out. The 

 accumulation is separated from the mother-cell by a membrane 

 and then begins to grow out like a cupola outgrowtli. This be- 

 comes more and more pro- 

 longed and gradually assumes 

 the shape of the mother-cell. 

 The branches in each bundle 

 are established successively, 

 so that branches in different 

 stages of development are 

 found in the young bundle 

 and even in the older a young 

 branch occurs now and then 

 (compare Fig. 52). 



Some small, short, thick 

 rhizoid-like organs grow often 

 out from the lower side of the 

 above-mentioned swellings at 

 the base of the branches in 

 the older part of the thallus ; 

 they grow downwards and 

 when they meet the wall of the 

 cell below they attach them- 

 selves very firmly to it and 

 serve to strengthen the plant (Fig. 53 c, 54 b). These organs 

 remind one very much of the clamps, as Murray and Boodle 

 (in Annals of Botany, vol. 2, p. 276) call them and which they 

 have found in Struvea ramosa. Often only one or two of these 

 clamps are found but sometimes a whole ring of them are devel- 

 oped quite near each other (Fig. 53 c). 



Furthermore, in some specimens but far from common some 

 longer rhizoid-like appendices grow out from the swelling (Fig. 

 54 c, d). These appendices are so far as I have seen not sepa- 

 rated by a wall from the mother cell, in contrast to the above- 



Fig. 53. Ernodesmis verticillata 

 (Kiitz.) Bergs. 

 a, base of the plant (8:1). b, basal 

 end of a branch (12:1). c, do. with 

 a ring of clamps (12:1). d, chromato- 

 phores with pyrenoids and nuclei 

 (300:1). 



