NATIONALITY AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS. 33 



with a long projecting peak, and a deep curtain falliug over the iieck and shoulders, au excellent 

 defense, whether from rain or sun. The odd thing about it is that where the hat is made in the 

 extreme of a by-gone 'mode,' which still lingers in the remote parts of the island, the sides of the 

 peak are carried up on each side of the head into long curved points, like horus. The horus are 

 ' going out,' however, although a general festa,* such as we were fortunate enough to see, still 

 brought many grotesque pairs of them into the city." 



These strange forms of dress have, of course, been abandoned with their emigration, aud the 

 Califoruiau Portuguese fishermen of the present day, whose places of settlement on the Pacific 

 coast are here mentioned, resemble in appearance, so far as dress is concerned, the fishermen of any 

 other nationality. 



Portuguese fishermen and whalemen of California. — In San Diego County there is 

 but one Portuguese fisherman, as is also the case in Los Angeles, the county immediately adjoining. 

 In this county, at Portuguese Land, north of Wilmington, formerly existed a whaling fishery, but 

 it was abandoned four or five years ago. The difficulty of obtaining fresh water was the chief cause 

 of the removal of this company. 



In Santa Barbara County the same number of Portuguese as recorded for San Diego and Los 

 Angeles Counties is not exceeded. 



Iu San Luis Obispo County there are forty-four Portuguese fishermen; one of these, at Port 

 Harford, fishes at the mouth of San Luis Creek, using a seine of 1-inch mesh, 300 by 16 feet, now 

 worth $25, when new, $75. He sends his fish twice a week, in wagons or by train, to San Luis 

 Obispo, where he sells them at 6 cents per pound.- The fish which are not shipped he salts and 

 exchanges with the farmers for produce. In this way he exchanges about 100 pounds per week. 

 The amount salted iu summer is greater than that salted in the winter. 



Three miles north of this point, on Pecho Rancho, there are two more Portuguese, who spend 

 their time in fishing and hunting for abalones: and five miles still farther north are two more Por- 

 tuguese fishermen. These last ship to San Luis market, salting what they do not ship. 



In summer three of the whalers are engaged iu fishing for the San Luis market, salting the 

 surplus. They "still-fish" and troll iu the San Luis Bay. 



There are two companies of whalers iu San Luis Obispo County — one at San Simeon, which is 

 commanded by Captain Clark, and the other at Whalers' Point, about half a mile north of the 

 landing at Port Harford, commanded by Captain Marshall. 



The company at San Simeon consists of twenty men, all Portuguese but one, aud most of them 

 from the Azore Islands. They are hired by Captain Clark, who owns the entire outfit. This camp 

 has existed for sixteen years past. 



The camp located at Whaler's Point consists of twenty -one men, all but one of whom are Por- 

 tuguese from the Azores. This company was established in 1868 or 1869. 



The men at both camps are discharged in summer and a new set hired in the fall. Some of 

 the men, when discharged, engage themselves in fishing for the San Luis market. 



The outfits, &c, of these whaling companies are discussed in another section of this report. 



In Monterey County there are forty-seven Portuguese fishermen, distributed as follows: At 

 Monterey there are six, divided into two companies, between whom considerable rivalry exists. 

 They use set-lines, and consequently catch little else but red rockfish. Some of these Portuguese 

 have been there since about 1860, others having joined from time to time. They own five boats 

 and three skiffs. They supply the hotels in Monterey and ship the rest to San Francisco. The 



" The religious procession already described. 

 SEO IV 3 



