4 CONTENTS. 



C— OFFICERS OF VESSELS; DISCIPLINE OF THE CREW; NAVIGATION: Page. 



47. Officers and discipline on fishing and whaling vessels 97 



48. Navigation 102 



D— DANGERS OF THE FISHERIES: 



49.— Dangers to the vessels 104 



50. Dangers to the fishermen 119 



51. Relief for bereaved families 126 



E.— MANAGEMENT OF THE VESSELS: 



52. Evolutions of the fishing schooner 130 



53. Amount of canvas carried 138 



54. Management of disabled vessels 142 



F.— APPENDIX : 



55. Freeman's description of Cape Cod fishermen 126 



56. Autobiography of Capt. N. E. Atwood 142 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Plate. Faces page 



1. Camp of shore fishermen near Cape Newagen, Maine 10 



2. Portuguese fishermen from Azore Islands 20 



3. Portuguese whalemen from Cape Verde Islands 22 



4. Chinese fishing village, California 37 



5. Camp of McCloud River Indian fishermen 44 



6. Gloucester, Mass.; view looking west from East Gloucester 48 



7. Home of shore fisherman at Cape Ann, Massachusetts 72 



8. Home of haddock and mackerel fisherman at Gloucester, Mass 74 



9. Fishermen's houses at Gloucester, Mass 76 



10. Fishing schooner tripped by a heavy sea 109 



11. Fishing schooner i.ying-to at a drag in a gale 110 



12. Fishing schooner caught in an ice-floe '. 115 



13. Dop.y crew caught to leeward in a squali 122 



14. Seamen's Hethel and Mariner's Home, New Bedford, Mass 126 



15. Fishing schooner i.ying-to in a gale, under riding sail and reefed foresaii 132 



16. Fishing schooner at anchor, riding out a gale 134 



17. Fishing schooner headreaciung under short sail 136 



18. Fishing schooner running before the wind; scandalizing the staysaii 139 



19. Mackerel schooner under full sail, with the wind abeam 112 



