132 FISHERMEN OF THE UNITED STATES. 



the wind the order is, (iii) Stand by to hoist the jib. "When the vessel is bead to the wind the order 

 is, (iv) Hoist away on the jib. At the same time it is customary to also give another order, (v) 

 Hook on the crutchtaclcle and haul over on the main boom. As the jib is hoisted up, the sheet being 

 made fast on the proper side, that is, the side which was to leeward, it catches aback and the 

 vessel's bow is swung off from the wind. The next order, as her sails get full, is, (vi) Draw away 

 the jib. Under some circumstances the vessel may gather stern-way while this evolution is being 

 performed, in which case it is necessary to give the order, (vii) Shift the wheel. 



SHOOTING TO- 



This evolution is peculiar to fore and aft rigged vessels, perhaps especially to fishing vessels. 

 It is performed for a variety of purpos< s, such as sounding, speaking a vessel, or at any other 

 time when it is desirable to deaden the headway without balding down the sails or heaving to. To 

 shoot a schooner to, it is only necessary, when sailing by the wind, to put the wheel part way 

 down, and as she comes head to wind to keep her iu that position by the management of the helm 

 until her headway is stopped. One who is skillful iu managing a vessel in this manner may be 

 able to sound even in more than 100 fathoms of water with little trouble and. loss of time, much 

 less than would be taken if the vessel were hove to. 



When speaking another vessel it is customary to pass by her stern and shoot to alongside 

 of her. In this way the captains are enabled to converse, under ordinary circumstances, for a 

 number of minutes. There are other purposes for which this evolution is performed. These will 

 be considered below. 



HEAVING TO, OR LYING TO. 



This evolution may be performed in several ways: 



(a) Heaving to with jib to windward, (b) Heaving to under tico sails, (c) Hearing to under 

 foresail, (d) Heaving to under mainsail. 



A vessel may be " hove to" under various circumstances, either for a temporary purpose, such as 

 taking a boat on board, or picking up anything which has dropped overboard. Again, on the fish- 

 ing ground, when sounding, while making observations upon the fish, or waiting for their appear- 

 ance, or when waiting for the small boats which are setting trawls or otherwise engaged; or, again, 

 in a storm, when it is not safe to be under other sail. Vessels frequently lie to on the fishing 

 grounds at night in order to keep their position, and in the day-time to catch fish. 



LYING to with a jib TO WINDWARD. — This is accomplished by fastening the jib-sheet on 

 the weather side and putting the wheel down, the fore-sheet being sometimes slackened off and at 

 other times trimmed in its proper place. This is a favorite method with the mackerel seiners dur- 

 ing the day, when they are watching for the appearance of fish, and also for the vessels engaged in 

 the haddock fishery, while on the fishing grounds. A vessel lying to under this sail can be filled 

 away and managed with little delay and by a few persons. 



Heaving to under two sails. — The method of heaving to with mainsail and foresail was 

 the favorite one with mackerel catchers when that fishery was prosecuted with hook and line, and 

 is also practiced to some extent by other vessels. To heave to in this manner it is simply neces- 

 sary to guy out the main boom, haul down the jibs, and case off the foresheet, at the same time 

 putting the helm down. The orders are given as follows: (i) Stand by to heave to. (ii) Ease off the 

 main-sheet; hook on the boom-tackle and haul it taut, (iii) Haul down the jibs, (iv) Ease off the fore- 

 sheet; and (v) Let her come to. In obedience to the last order the wheel is put down so that the 

 vessel comes up to the wind. As the vessel comes to the. wind her mainsail catches aback and her 



