— 197 — 



S. Lov^n shot a specimen at 11.000 feet. On the slopes it was 

 common up to 8 000 ft. 



The various forms of the Anthus rufulus group and their 

 distribution was first studied carefully by Neumann (Journ. 

 f. Oru. 1906, p. 231—232). He cames to the conclusion that 

 there are 5 forms, of which, the one occurring in South and 

 East Africa is A. r. cinnamomeus Riipp. This form is characte- 

 rised by the upper surface having a reddish tint, which is espe- 

 cially marked on the back and rump. Besides, the outer-web of 

 the primaries is broadly edged with reddish brown. Z e d 1 i t z 

 (Jonrn. f. Orn. 1911, p. 47 and J. f. 0. 1916, p. 52—53) shares 

 Neumann's views entirely; but Lonnberg (Birds coll. Sw. 

 Zool. Exp. B. E. A. 1911, p. 112) and v. S m e r e n (Ibis 1916, 

 p. 232) seem to be of another opinion, inasmuch as both of 

 them name their east African specimens A. r. cinnamomeus, 

 however, without either describing the specimens 'procured or 

 stating the reasons for their point of view. 



In the series of 19 individuals brought home from various 

 localities and shot at different times there are certainly rather 

 great variations, but having compared them with the rich collec- 

 tions in the Berlin Museum 1 have arrived at the same result 

 as Neumann and Z e d 1 i t z. 



The measurements for the length of wing for R ii p p e 1 1's 

 type specimens of A. r. cinnamomeus are, according to Neu- 

 mann, 94 mm. for cf and 84 mm. for Q, and Neumann's 

 own cf specimens from Adis Abeba and Gadat (Schoa) are 90 

 and 93 mm. This author therefore probably arrives, at the 

 correct result when he says that South and East African speci- 

 mens are, as a rule, smaller in these measurements than North 

 East African. 



The respective measurements of the specimens in this 

 series are as follows: 



Wing, tarsus, 



81, 83, 86, 87, 88 ram. 26—27 ram. cfcf Ngong, Naiwasha. 



86, 86, 90, 92 mm. 26—27 ram. cfcT Elgon, Eldoret. 



85, 86 mm. 26 — 27 mra. cfcT Rendu. 

 84, 85, 90 mm. 26—27 mm. 99 Naiwasha. 



86, 82 mm. 27 mm. 99 Elgon, Soy. 

 84, 90 mm. 26—27 mm. 99 Rendu. 



From the above table it appears that the wing -measure- 

 ment is, as a rule, below 90 mm. (three, it is true, have 90 mm. 

 and one 92 mm.) and thus smaller than the North-east African, 

 and therefore even for that reason I agree with Neumann's 

 opinion that the East African is a different form from the 

 North African. 



As regards the difference in colour, Neumann also seems 

 to be right, for not a single one of the 19 has a reddish tint 



