37 



The tenth segment is longer in the female than in the male, pre- 

 sumably on account of the ovipositor. The females always have the 

 eighth, ninth, and tenth segments curved ventrad and closely ap- 

 pressed to the ventral surface of the body. This is shown where the 

 caudal segments are slightly separated from the body, in Figure 2. 

 Figures 6 and 7 give dorsal and ventral views of these caudal seg- 

 ments, and Figures 4 and 5 show the same segments of the male. The 

 anal opening in both sexes is found near the caudal end of the body 

 on the tenth segment. The spiracles are small, circular, and not pro- 

 duced. The mesothoracic spiracle is situated in the conjunctiva con- 

 necting the prothorax and mesothorax. Functional abdominal spira- 

 cles are visible on segments 2-7. The dorsum of the abdomen is 

 practically covered by very minute spines arranged in groups. 



The following species was examined : 

 Mnemonica aiiricyanea Walsingham. 



PUPAE WITHOUT FUNCTIONAL MANDIBLES 



This group includes all the superfamilies of Lepidoptera known, 

 except the Micropterygoidea. In many of the other families the 

 pupae possess mandibles, but they are functionless, and only indi- 

 cated as small parallel tubercles or lobes. 



Generalized pupae without maxillary palpi 



The Hepialoidea, together with the Cossoidea and Eucleoidea, 

 differ from all other generalized pupae possessing free abdominal seg- 

 ments cephalad of the fourth, because of the absence of the maxillary 

 palpi. Some of the families included here possess lateral prolonga- 

 tions of tlie maxillae which resemble maxillary palpi (Figs. 15 and 19) 

 and have been considered as such by some authors. These prolonga- 

 tions never separate from the maxillae at dehiscence, and dissection 

 has failed to find any maxillary palpi present in the mature pupae. 

 None of these superfamilies possess all of the sutures found in the 

 head of the generalized type, and none of them show the long, seg- 

 mented antennae present in the Eriocraniidae. 



SUPERFAMILY HEPIALOIDEA 



This. includes a single family, Hepialidae, of which the known 

 larvae are borers. The species in this country are of rare occurrence. 

 Their larvae are borers in the stems of shrubs or trees. In Europe 

 some of the species are abundant and injurious. The specimens of 



