63 



family. The name Heliodinidae has been applied by ;some authors to 

 the genera included in this family, but Meyrick, in Lepidoptorum 

 Catalogus, Part 13, uses this name to include the genera Brenthia, 

 Choreutis, etc. The name Heliozelidae is used by Spuler (Die Schmet- 

 terlinge Europas, 19 10) and this name has been adopted there. The 

 genera may be separated as follows : 



a. Abdomen with one or two prominent lateral setae on each side of the 

 tenth abdominal segment ; mesonotum not produced into a prominent 



lobe extending down on the metathorax Aniispila Hiibner. 



aa. Abdomen never with prominent lateral setae on each side of the tenth 

 abdominal segment; mesonotum produced into a prominent lobe 

 extending down on the metathorax Coptodisca Walsingham. 



The following species were examined : 

 Antispila ampelopsisella Chambers, cornifoliella Clemens 

 Coptodisca jiiglandiella Chambers, splcndiforella Clemens 



Family Tischeriidae 



These pupae are from 3.5-6 mm. in length and have abdominal 

 segments 3-7 free in the male and 3-6 in the female. They are always 

 considerably chitinized, so that the pupae vary in color from yellow 

 to brown. The spines on the dorsum of the abdominal segments are 

 very distinct and in some species they are of two sizes. All of the 

 species examined except Tisclieria hcliopsisclla (Fig. 54) had certain 

 of the body setae very long, heavily chitinized, and forked at the end. 

 These setae vary in length, but the shortest are nearly as long as the 

 abdominal segments and are very conspicuous. The dorso-mesal setae 

 nearest the cephalic margin were closely approximated on segments 

 3-6 or 7 of the abdomen so that their bases were in contact. The 

 caudal end of the abdomen is bifurcate, and ends in two heavily chitin- 

 ized hooks which are directed dorsad. The arrangement of parts may 

 be seen in Figures 51—54. These pupae have become more specialized 

 in certain respects than many of the Gracilariidae, although they re- 

 tain one more free segment. This is noticeable in the development of 

 the prothorax, in the distinct rows of larger spines on many of the 

 segments, and in the strong caudal hooks. The fronto-clypeal suture 

 shows as a clear area, indicated by the dotted line in Figure 51. This 

 family includes two genera, Coptotriche and Tischeria, with no well- 

 defined characters for separating them. The two species of Tischeria, 

 acnea from blackberry and nialifoliella from apple, at one time consid- 

 ered identical, show distinct differences in the pupae and both species 

 resemble Coptotriche, while hcliopsisclla is very different from all the 



