207 



Needham, J. G. 



'07. Report of the entomologic field station conducted at Old Forge, 

 N. Y., in the summer of 1905. Bull. N. Y. State Mus., No. 

 124 : 199-248. 



Needham, J. G., and Betten, C. 



'01. Aquatic insects in the Adirondacks. Bull. 47, N. Y. State Mus. 



Osten Sacken, C. R. 



'69. The North American Tipulidae. Monographs of North Ameri- 

 can Diptera, Part 4. (A list of additions and corrections appears 

 at end of Part 3, which was published after Part 4.) 



Family LIMNOBIWAB 



This family is of much greater extent than Tipulidae and contains 

 a much larger number of genera, none of which in their larval and 

 pupal stages — judging from the data at hand — show the same uni- 

 formity that is found in the genera Tipula and Pachyrrhina. It is 

 difficult to separate the larvae and pupae of the two families, but I 

 believe that the following summary of characters will serve this pur- 

 pose. 



FAMII^Y CHARACTERS 



Larva. — Head in all subfamilies but Trichocerinae, Hexatominae, 

 and Eriopterinae very similar to that of Tipulidae except that the 

 antennae are much more slender, and frecjuently they are shorter than 

 the maxillary palpi. The labial plate is often divided longitudinally 

 in the center, each part being furnished with distinct teeth, while in 

 all Tipulidae known to me the labial plate is entire and subtriangular, 

 with a single apical tooth and usually several laterals. In Hexatominae 

 and some Eriopterinae that I have examined the labium is not chitin- 

 ized, and posteriorly the head is composed of 4 or 6 slender chitinized 

 rods connected by weakly chitinized membrane. In Trichocerinae the 

 head is complete, and the prothoracic spiracles are present. The 

 mandibles in the species with tipulid-like head are much more slender 

 than in Tipulidae, and in the latter when the apical segment has no 

 protuberances the mandibles are very stout and have but 2 teeth, both 

 at apex. The apical segment in Limnobiidae is very differently con- 

 structed in the different genera, but as far as I have seen there are 

 never 6 processes, which in Tipulidae is the almost invariable number. 



Pupa. — The pupae of all genera of this family known to me may 

 be readily separated from those of Tipulidae by the straight palpi, 

 since those organs in Tipulidae have their apices recurved. 



