31. CKATEROPrS. 477 



J. f. O. 1862, p. 300 : Brthm, Reis. n. Habesch, p. 302 (1863) ; 

 Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 390 (1869); Gmij, Hand-l. B. i. 

 p. 280, no. 4132 (1869) ; Blanf. Geo}. ?^ Zool. Abyss, p. 371 (1870) ; 

 Finsch, Tr. Z. S. vii. p. 243 (1870) ; Sharj)e, Cat. Afr. B. p. 24 

 (1871). 

 Crateropus limbatus, Rilpp. Syst. Uebers. pp. 48, 60 (1845); Bp. 

 Cunsp. i. p. 378 (18o0) ; Horsf. S,- Moore, Cat. B. E.I. Co. 3fm. i. 

 p. 214 (1854) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 280, no. 4135 (18G9) ; 

 Heitgl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 392 (1869); Finsch, Tr. Z. S. vii. 

 p. 243 (1870). 



Adult female (Anseba valley, July 30, 1S6S; W. T. Blanf ord). 

 General colour above dark umber-brown, with obscure paler edges 

 to the feathers ; the hinder neck and sides of the latter mottled with 

 dark ashy centres and paler edges to the feathers ; wing-coverts 

 like the back : quills dark brown ; rump pure white ; upper tuil- 

 coverts brown, tipped and edged with ashy grey, the outer ones 

 washed with the latter colour ; tail-feathers dark brown with dusky 

 cross bars under certain lights ; lores, forehead, and a broad eyebrow 

 white, the frontal plumes pointed aud slightly washed with hoary 

 grey, which increases on the crown, the hinder part of the latter 

 being ashy grey or brown in the centre of the feathers, which 

 arc margined with hoary grey ; cheeks and throat pure white ; the 

 under surface from the centre of the latter brown, the feathers 

 margined with hoary grey, before which is a subterminal shade of 

 darker brown ; flanks slightly tinged with pale ochreous brown ; 

 lower abdomen, vent, thighs, aud uuder tail-coverts pure white ; 

 under wing-coverts and axillaries fawn-coloured, those near the 

 edge of the wing mottled with brown centres, as are also some of 

 the greater series ; quills brown below, tawny along the margin of 

 the inner web ; " bill black ; feet dusky greyish ; iris crimson " 

 {HeiKjlin) ; "feet ohvaceous ; iris orange- yellow, almost scarlet" 

 (TF. T. Blanford). Total length lO'o inches, culmcn 1, wing 4-75, 

 tail 4*75, tarsus 1-4. 



The bird described, though in iine plumage, is probably not quite 

 adalt, as the head becomes pure white washed with hoary grey in 

 the very old bird. A male with white head from Adigrat (Blan- 

 ford) measures — total length lO'o inches, culmen 0-9, wing 4-(J5, 

 tail 4*7, tarsus 1-45. 



Young. Differs from the adult in being more fluffy in plumage, 

 which is more reddish brown, having also the feathers edged with 

 light rufous; the rump dull white; the head duU ashy brown, with 

 only the lores, sides of face, ear-coverts, and chin dimly indicated by 

 dull white ; under surface pale brown, more or less washed with 

 ashy, and inclining to whitish on the vent aud under tail-coverts. 



In the full-grown young bird (C. limbatus, Riipp.) the general 

 plumage is darker brown, and more like that of the adult, excepting 

 that the head is dusky brown, leaving only the lores, eyebrows, 

 cheeks, car-coverts, and throat white, the frontal feathers washed 

 with hoary grey ; the centre of the throat and hinder surface 

 brown with narrow lighter edges to the feathers, the thighs also 



