1. GEOCICULA. 167 



wing 4-25 to -i-O inches, tail 2-4 to 2-2, culmcn 0-77 to 0-7, tarsus 

 1-16 to M. 



The adult plumage of the sexes appeal's to be alike, nor is it 

 known that anj' important change takes place by abrasion. Young 

 in Jirst plumage appear to have the whole of the upper parts duU 

 chestnut, each feather having a pale shaft and obscure pale centre ; 

 the white bars on the wings are suffused with chestnut, and the black 

 on the underparts is confined to two mouslachial lines on the cheeks, 

 the rest being dull chestnut. This plumage is immediately moulted 

 to the adult plumage in the first autumn, except that certain birds, 

 which I take to be females, have the slate grey of the upper parts 

 replaced by dark olive-brown. 



Kuhl's Ground-Thrush has been found in Java, Sumatra, and 

 Lombock, and is not supposed to be migratory. 



a. Ad. St. [Java.] Mas=ena Coll. 



b, c. Ad. sk. Lombock. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C. 

 d. (S imm. sk. Lombock. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C. 

 e,f,ff.Ju\.sk. Lombock. A. R. W'allace, Esq. [C. 

 h. Skeleton. Java. Purchased. 



20, Geocichla avensis. 



Tardus avensis, Grai/, Griffith's ed. Cuvier, vi. p. 530, pi. (1829) j 



Wa/d. Tr. Z. ,S. viii. p. 61 (1»72). 

 Geocichla avensis {Grai/), Hume, Str. F. viii. p 39 (1879). 



This species only differs from G. interpres in having the lores of 

 a purer white and the greater wing-coverts without any white 

 spot at tlie tips. Length of wing 4-25 inches, tail 2-5, culmen 0-82, 

 tarsus I'l. 



Gray's Ground-Thrush has only been recorded from Burma and 

 Malacca. It was originally described from a native drawing ; and 

 the oulv example known to exist is in the collection of Allan Hume, 

 Esq. 



21. Geocichla spiloptera. 



Oreocincla spiloptera, Bli/tli. J. A. S. Ilem/. xvi. p. 142 (1847) ; BIytli, 

 Cat. B. Mils. As. Soc.'y>. lUO (1840) ; 'Kelaaif, Prodi: Cat. p. 'U2 

 (1852) ; Layard, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1853, p. 270 ; B!i/t/i, JLis, 1867, 

 p. 30:} ; Hohhw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 440 ; Legqe, Ibis, 1874, p. 18 ; 

 id. Str. F. 1875, p. .367. 



Tindus spiloptenis ( Bhjih ), Gra;/, Hand-l. B.i.j,. 254. no. 3093 ( 18G9) ; 

 Leijije, Birds of Ceylun, p. 451, pi. .\ix. (1879). 



In the adult male in upriiui plumage the general colour of the 

 ui)per parts is russet-brown, shading into olive-brown on the head ; 

 lores pale grey ; no trace of eye-stripe ; all the median and most of 

 the greater wing-coverts dark brown with white tips ; quills brown, 

 the outside webs margined with russet-brown ; tail-featlicrs russet- 

 brown, the two outer ones on each side with obscure pale tips, and 

 frequently all obscurely barred with scarcely perceptible transverse 

 bands. Underparts white, shading into brown on the flanks and 

 sides of breast; ear-coverts and the feathers on the cheeks, brea.st, 



