190 TUEDIDiE. 



i. p. 2 (1850) ; Middend. Reis. SiUr. ZooJ. ii. pt. 2, p. 160 (1853) ; 

 Licht. Nomend. Av. p. 2-5 (18,j4) ; ScM. Vog. Kedoi. p. 212 

 (1854) ; Sitndev. Si\ Fo(/l. p. 51 (185(3) ; Jauh. et Barth.-Lapomm. 

 Hicfi. Oni. -p. 21 i (1859); Lindirm. J'o(/. Griedienl. -p. S-L {iSQO) ; 

 Neiot. List D. Eur. Blasius, p. 9 (18(J2) ; Jerdun, B. Ind. i. p. 532 

 (1862); Netvton, Baring-Goidd's Iceland, p. 408 (186;j) ; Eadde, 

 Reis. Sibir. Vog. p. 234 (1803) ; Gonld, B. Gt. Brit. ii. pi. xxxiv. 

 (1864) ; Degl. et Gerbe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 421 (1867) ; Loche, 

 Expl. Sci. Alger., Ois. p. 189 (18G7) ; Doderl. Amf. Sicil. p. 109 

 (1869) ; Di-oste, Vogelw. Borkum, p. 93 (1869) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. 

 i. p. 254. no. 3678 (1869) ; Fritsch, Vog. Eur. p. 142 (1870) ; 

 Salvad. Faun. Ital. Ucc. p. 82 (1871) ; Newt. ed. Yarr. Br. B. i. 

 p. 268 (1872); ShariK 8,- Dresser, B. Eur. pt. xiii. (1872); 

 Harting, Handb. Br. B. p. 11 (1872); Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. 

 p. 65 (1873) ; Irhy, B. Gibr. p. 74 (1875); Dresser, Ibis, 1875, 

 p. 335; Blanf. East. Pers. ii. p. 157 (1876); Tacz. Bull. iSoc. Zool. 

 France, i. p."l48 (1876); Bogd. B. Cauc. p. 79 (1879). 



Tiirdus mauvis, Miill. Syst. Nat. Suppl. p. 141 (1770). 



Eedwiiig-, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 1, p. 22 (1783). 



Turdus illas, Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. i. p. 456 (1811). 



Sylvia iliaca {Linn.), Savi, Orn. Tosc. i. p. 215 (1827). 



Turdus betularum, BreJim, Vog. DeutscM. p. 386 (1831). 



Turdus viuetoi'um, Brelun, loc. cit. (1831). 



Merula iliaca (Linn.), Selby, Brit. Orn. i. p. 165 (1833). 



Turdus gracilis, Brelim, Naum. 1855, p. 281. 



Iliacus illas {Pall.), Des Murs, Traite d' Ool. p. 293 (1860). 



niacus minor, Des Murs, loc. cit. (1860). 



In the adult male in autumn plumage the general colour of the 

 upper parts is olive-brown, darker and slightly suflused with russet 

 on the forehead and crown ; lores nearlj- Mack ; ear-coverts darkish 

 olive-brown, each feather slightly paler in the centre ; eye-stripe 

 huffish white, very conspicuous, and extending to the nape ; wings 

 and wing-coverts brown, the outside web of each feather more or 

 less broadly margined with olive-brown ; greater wing-coverts 

 obscurely margined with chestnut-brown, and with ill-defined pale 

 tips ; tail olive -brown, the outside feathers with obscure pale 

 margins to the inner webs. General colour of the underparts very 

 pale buff, shading into white (or white slightly suffused with 

 chestnut) on the belly and into rich chestnut on the flanks ; the 

 chin, the centre of the lower throat, and the centre of the belly are 

 unspotted ; the cheeks, the upper part of the upper breast, and the 

 lower part of the lower throat and the upper flanks have clearlj'- 

 defined, very dark brown, fan-shaped terminal spots on each feather, 

 which are paler and obscurely deflned on,ihe feathers of the breast 

 and lower flanks ; under tail- coverts white, the basal half of each 

 feather margined with brown ; axillaries and under wing-coverts 

 rich chestnut. Bill dark brown, shading into brownish yellow on 

 the basal half of the under mandible. Wing with the third and 

 fourth primaries nearlj' equal and longest, second primary inter- 

 mediate in length between the fourth and fifth, bastard primary 

 0'56 to 0-3o inch. Legs, feet, and claws yellowish brown. Length 

 of wing 4-85 to 4-45 inches, tail 3-5 to 3-0, culmen 0-86 to 0-78, 

 tarsus 1"25 to 1-15. 



In sj)rini) the slight chestnut shade on the greater wing-coverts 



