192 TTJEDID^. 



i. p. 144 (1802) ; JFolf, Taschenh. i. p. 195 (1810) ; Pallas, Zoogr. 

 Mosso-Asiat. i. p. 454 (1811) ; Teinm. Man. d'Orn. p. 88 (1815); 

 Koch, Sysf. baier, Zooi. i. p. 175 (1816); Temm. Man. d'Orn. i. 

 p. 164 (1820) ; Xaum. Viig. Deutsrhl. ii. p. 262 (1822); Gould, B. 

 Ew: ii. pi. 78 (1837) ; Keys. u. Bias. Wirb. Eur. pp. 1, 177 (1840) ; 

 Nord. Demid. Voi/. Buss, merid. iii. p. 125 (1840) ; Werner, Atlas, 

 Insectiv. pi. 13 (1842) ; Der/l. Orn. Bur. i. p. 465 (1849) ; Graij, 

 Gen. B. i. p. 218 (1847) ; Bp. Comp. i. p. 270 (1850) ; Cab. Mus. 

 Hein. i. p. 2 (1850) ; Middend. Reis. Sibir. Zuol. ii. pt. 2, p. 169 

 (1853); Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 25 (1854); Schl. Vog. Nederl. 

 p. 211 (1854) ; Sundev. Sv. Fogl. p. 50 (1856) ; Jaub. et Barth.- 

 Lapomm. Rich. Orn. p. 205 (1859) ; Linderm. Voq. Griechenl. 

 p. 85 (1860) ; Neivt. List B. Eur. Bhmvs, p. 9 (18G2) ; Badde, ■ 

 Reis. Sibir. Vog. p. 234 (1863); Gould, B. Gt. Brit. ii. pi. xxxii. 

 (1866) ; Degl. 'et Gerbe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 422 ( 1867) ; Loche, Expl. 

 Sci. Alc/er., Ois. p. 186 (1867); Grag, Hand-l. B. i. p. 253. 

 no. 3677 (1869); Doderl. Arif. Sicil. p. 107 (1869); Droste, 

 Vogelw. Borkum, p. 93 (18U9)"; Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 381 

 (1869); Fritsch, Vog. Eur. p. 139 (1870); Snkad. Faun. Ital, 

 Ucc. p. 79 (1871) ; \Sharj)e %• Dresser, B. Eur. pt. v. (1871) ; 

 Neict. ed. Yarr. Br. B. i. p. 264 (1872) ; Harting. Hamlb. Br. B. 

 p. 11 (1872); Shelleii, B. Egypt, p. G(i (1872)V Eln/, B. Gibr. 

 p. 73 (1875) ; Blanf. 'East. Pers. ii. p. 156 (1876) ; Tacz. Bull Soc. 

 Zool. Fyance, i. p. 148 (1876) ; Bogd. B. Cauc. p. 78 (1879). 

 Throstle, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 1, p.* 18 (1783). 

 Tm-dus iliacus, Linn., apud Bodd. Table PI. Enl. p. 24 (1783). 

 Tuidus pUaris, Linn., apud Bodd. Table PI. Enl. p. 29 (1783). 

 Sylvia musica {Linn.'), Savi, Orn. Tosc. i. p. 211 (1827). 

 Tiirdus minor, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 382 (1831). 

 Turdus philomelos, Brehm, loc. cit. (1831). 

 Merula musica (Linn.), Selby, Brit. Orn. i. p. 162 (1833) ; Riipp. 



Syst. Uebers. p. 60 (1845). 

 Iliacus musicus {Linn.), Des Murs, Traite d^Ool. p. 292 (1860). 

 In the adult male in autumn plumage the general colonr of the 

 Tipper parts is olive-broM-n ; lores huffish brown ; ear-coverts buff, 

 -with black tips ; eye-stripe bnffish white, verj' incli.',tinct, and soon 

 losing itself behind the ej-e ; wings brown, with pale ochraceous 

 brown margins to the outer webs ; median wing-coverts conspicuously 

 tipped with rich buff, greater ■\\ing-coverts more ohscurel}- so; 

 primary wing-coverts with dark tips ; tail brown. Chin huffish 

 white; breast and flanks huffish yeUow, shading into pure white on 

 the centre of the belly ; the feathers of the cheeks, throat, breast, 

 and flanks with black fan-shaped terminal spots, which are generally 

 entirely obsolete on the chin and centre of belly ; under tail-coverts 

 white, with the basal half of the margin brown ; axillaries rich buff, 

 greyer at the base; under wing-coverts rich buff; inner margin of 

 quills pale brownish buff. BiU dark brown, yellowish at the base 

 of the under mandible. Wings with the third and fourth primaries 

 nearly equal and longest, second primary between the fourth and 

 fifth, bastard primary 0-6 to 0-5 inch. Legs and feet yellowish 

 brown, claws darker. Length of wing 4-55 to 4-25 inches, tail 

 3-3 to 2-7, culmen 0-88 to 0-8, tarsus 1-3.5 to 1-3. 



The female is scarcely to be distinguished from the male. The 

 abrasion which takes ])lace during winter and spring causes tlie 

 upper parts to be slightly greyer, much of the yellowish bull on the 



