2. TUKDU8. 205 



Cat. Am. B. p. 1 (1862) ; Sclat. Sf Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 1 

 (1873). 

 Turdus dryas (Gould), Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 259. no. 3781 (1869). 



In the adidt male in autumn plumage the head, nape, lores, ear- 

 coverts, and checks arc black ; general colour of the remainder of 

 the upper i)arts dark brown, sutfused on the margin of the outside 

 ■webs of the quills and tail-feathers, and on the entire margin of 

 the remaining feathers, especiallj- at the nape, with olive-green. 

 Underparts pale brilliant orange-yellow, most brilliant on the upper 

 throat, shading into olive-green on the flanks, and into greyish 

 brown on the axillaries and under wing-coverts, and spotted with 

 olive-green on the lower throat and breast ; inner margin of quills 

 pale brown. Bill yellow. Wings with the fourth and fifth pri- 

 maries nearly equal and longest, second primary intermediate in 

 length between the seventh and eighth, bastard primarj- 1 inch to 

 0'9, not much more than a third the length of the second primary. 

 Legs, feet, and claws pale yellow. Length of wing 4-0 to S'-i inches, 

 tail 3-05 to 2-65, culmen 0-72 to 0'65, tarsus 1-4 to 1-35. 



It is not known that the /ewiw^e differs from the male. In sjTi'ing 

 the olive-green of the upper parts and the brilliant yellow of the 

 underparts ajjpear to fade, and the dark of the upper parts and 

 the spots on the underparts to intensify. Some of this difference 

 may be due to individual variation and some to local race. Guate- 

 malan birds are largest, and appear to be on an average the more 

 brilliantly coloured ; whilst a skin from Bolivia in Salvin and 

 Godman's collection is the smallest, and has the black of the head 

 replaced by dark brown. This may prove to be a bird of the year, 

 a plumage of which, as well as of the young in first plumage, we 

 have no information. It is highly probable that a larger series of 

 skins may jirove that this species must be subdivided into three 

 subspecies — a large richly coloured form from Guatemala ; a smaller 

 form, in which the underparts never have the rich yellow of the 

 Guatemalan form, from Colombia and Eciiador ; and a still smaller 

 form, in which the head is brown instead of black, from Bolivia. 



Gould's Central-American Thrush frequents the forests of Gua- 

 temala, Colombia, Ecuador, and Bolivia, where it is said to be a 

 resident. 



a. Ad. sk. Guatemala. John Gould, Esq. (Type of 



Mahicocichla dryas, Goidd.) 



17. Turdus pilaris. 



La Litorne, ou Tourdelle, Brisa. Orn. ii. p. 214 (17G0). 



Turdus pilaris, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 291 (1766) ; Scop. Ann. i. p. 133 



(1769) ; Lath. Gen. 'Si/n. Suppl. i. p. 2.'^7 (1787) ; Gmel. Syst. Nat. 



i. p. 807 (1788) ; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 330 (1790) ; Bechst. Naturg. 



Dcutschl. iv. p. 190 (1795) ; Bechst. Orn. Taschenh. i. p. 145 



(1802) ; Wolf, Taschenh. i. p. 193 (1810) ; Palla-^, Zooyr. Rosso- 



Asiat. i. p. 455 (1"^11) ; Temm. Man. cFOrn. p. 87 (1815) ; 



Koch, Si/st. haier. Zool. i. p. 173 (1816) ; Tenim. Man. d'Orn. i. 



p. 163 '(1820); Namn. Vog. Deutschl.ii. p. 296 (1822): Brehm, 



