206 TTJEDID-E. 



Vog. Deutschl. p. 383 (1831) ; GonM, B. Eur. ii. pi. 76 (1837) ; 



Keys. u. Bias. Wirb. Eur. pp. li, 177 (1840) ; Nordm. Demid. Voij. 



Buss, merid. iii. p. 127 (1840) ; Werner, Atlas, Insectiv. pi. 12 



(1842) ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 218 (1847) ; Begl. Orii. Eur. i. p. 471 



(1849); Bp.'Consp. i. p. 269 (1850); Cab. 3Ius. Hein. i. p. 2 



(1850) ; Lkht. Nomencl. Av. p. 25 (1854) ; Horsf. 8,- Moore, Cat. 



B. Mus. E.I.Co. i. p. 194 (1854) ; Schl. Vog. Nederl. p. 209 (1854) ; 



Sutidev. Sv. Foql. p. 48 (1856); Jaub. et Barth.-Lapomm. Rich. 



Orn. p. 212 (1859) ; Linderm. Vog. Griechenl. p. 85 (I860) ; 



Newt. List B. Eur. Blasius, p. 9 (1862) ; Gould, B. Gt. Br. ii. 



pi. XXXV. (1864) ; Degl. et Gerbe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 407 (1867) ; 



Loche, E.vpl.8ci. Alger., Ois. I p. 185 (1867) ; Grag, Hand-l. B. 



1. p. 253. no. 3673 (1869) ; Doderl. Avif. Sicil. p. 107 (1869) ; 



Droste, Vogelw. Borkum, p. 93 (1869); Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. 



p. 379 (1869) ; Fritsch, Vog. Eur. p. 136 (1870) ; S/iarjje (^- Dresser, 



B. Etir. pt. ix. (1871) ; Neivt. ed. Yarr. Br. B. i. p. 272 (1872) ; 



Harting, llandb. Br. B. p. 11 (1872) ; Shelleg, B. Egypt, p. 65 



(1872); Scvertz. Turhest. Jevotn. p. 65 (1873); Irhy, B. Gibr. 



p. 73 (1875) ; Bresser, Ibis, 1875, p. 335; Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. 



France, p. 147 (1876) ; Seebohm, Ibis, 1879, p. 2 ; Bogd. B. Cauc. 



p. 80 (1879). 

 La Litorne, Alotitb. Hist. Nat. Ois. iii. p. 301 (1775). 

 Alauda calandrotte, Midi. Syst. Nat. Suppl. p. 137 (1776). 

 Fieldfare, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 1, p. 24 (1783). 

 Sylvia pilaris {Linn.), Savi, Orn. 'Lose. i. p. 209 (1827). 

 Arceuthornis pilari.s {Linn.), Kaup, Nutiirl. Syst. p. 93 (1829). 

 Turdus subpilaris, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 384 (1831). 

 Turdus juniperorum, Brehm, loc. cit. p. 385 (1831). 

 Merula pilaris {Linn.), Selby, Brit. Orn. i. p. 160 (1833). 

 Turdus fiiscilateralis, Brehm, Nauru. 1855, p. 281. 

 Planesticus pilaris {Linn:), Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 530 (1862). 



lu the adult male in autumn plumage the forehead and crown 

 are slate-grey, each feather narrowly margined with brown, and 

 having concealed black centres ; nape palish slate-grey ; back and 

 scapulars dark chestnut-brown, with obscure pale edges to most of 

 the feathers, and more or less conspicuous dark centres ; rump 

 palish slate-grey, shading into a slightly darker slate-grey on the 

 lon"-est upper tail-coverts; lores and the ear-coverts immediately 

 below the eye nearly black, the remainder of the ear-coverts slate- 

 grey ; traces of an obscure buff eye-stripe extending to the nape ; 

 wings and wing-coverts dark brown, with very narrow pale margins ; 

 primaries, primary-coverts, and a few of the outside wing-coverts 

 with slate-grey on all or part of the outer webs ; secondaries and 

 the innermost wing-coverts with chestnut-brown on all or part of 

 the outer webs, and generally paler and greyer towards the tips ; tail 

 dark brown, slightly paler at the tips of the outside feathers. Chin, 

 throat, and breast buff, each feather having a nearly black fan- 

 shaped terminal spot, nearly obsolete on the chin, narrow on the 

 throat, but very conspicuous on the cheeks and breast ; the sides of 

 the breast and flanks are nearly black, each feather broadly fringed 

 with white ; belly white ; under tail-coverts white, the basal half 

 margined with brown; axillaries and under wing-coverts white; 

 inner margin of quills pale brown. Bill yellow in summer, brown 



