2. TUEDUS. 207 



in winter. "Wings with the third and fourth primaries nearly equal 

 and longest, second primary slightly longer than the fifth, bastard 

 primary 0-85 to 0-65 inch. Legs, feet, and claws very dark brown. 

 Length of wing 5-9 to 5'2 inches, tail 4-3 to 3-85, culmen 0-92 to 

 0-84, tarsus 1-3 to 1-2. 



The female scarcely differs from the male. In sprincj the easting 

 of the edges of the feathers produces a slight change : the hitherto 

 concealed dark centres to the feathers on the forehead and crown 

 become conspicuous ; the buff shade on the throat and breast 

 becomes paler and duller and the spots more distinct ; the flanks 

 also appear much darker, the white fringes to the feathers having 

 been reduced to halt their original length. Birds of the year scarcely 

 differ from adults. Touivj in first pJumage have light shaft-streaks 

 and black terminal bars to most of the feathers on the upper parts. 

 On the underparts the belly and flanks are spotted similarly to the 

 breast. 



The Fieldfare, or Blue-backed Thrush, breeds in the birch- and 

 piue-forcsts of the Pal&arctic Eegion, from the Atlantic to the 

 valley of the Yenesay, occasionally extending its range northwards 

 beyond the limit of forest-growth, and frequenting also in largo 

 colonies the birch-regions of north temperate Europe. It winters 

 in the British Isles and Southern Europe, occurring very rarely in 

 the Spanish peninsula, but crossing the Mediterranean to Morocco, 

 Algeria, Egypt, and jSubia. In Asia it winters in Turkestan, 

 Cashmere, and N.W. India. 



a. Ad. St. England. J. Gould, Esq. [P.]. 



h. Ad. St. Devonshire. Col. Montagu [P.]. 



c. 2 ad. sk. Aviugton, Hants, Nov. E. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 



10,1873. 



d,e.S, /■ $ ad. sk. Cookham, Dec. 28, 1874. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.]. 



(7, h, i. S ad. sk. Park Hatch, Godalming, F. Godman and O. Salvin, 



Feb. 18.57 (P. G.). Esqrs. [P.]. 



Jc, I, VI. Ad. sk. Epping. Henry Doubleday, Esq. 



n. Ad. sk. Kent. Mr. F. Meadow [P.]. 



o. Ad. sk. Cambridgeshire. J. Clark, Esq. [P.]. 



p. Ad. sk. Cambridgeshii-e. INIr. J. Baker [C.]. 



(Partial albino.) 

 q. Ad. st. Heligoland. Henry Seebohm, Esq. 



r cJad.sk. Stockholm. Mav 21, 1873. W. MeVes, Esq. [C.]. 



s Juv.sk. Waxholm, July 13, 1873. W. Meves, Esq. rC.]. 



t. 2 ad. sk. SkSne, May 9,' 18C8 (/F. R. B. Shai-pe, Esq. [P.]. 



3Ici'cs). 



M 2 ad., V. Juv. Eid.svold, S. Norway, F. Godman and 0. Salvin, 

 sk. June 18G6 {J. Baker). Esqrs. [P.]. 



IV, .f. Ad. sk. N. Africa. Purchased. 



V. s. f7 2 ad. sk. Balta Ziman, Turkey, E. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.l. 



March 4, 1877 (W. 

 Pearce). 

 a'. 2 ad. sk. H;ibavika,Petchora River, Capt. Feilden and J. A. 



June 11, 1875. Harvie Brown, Esq. [P.]. 



