216 TURDIDJE. 



28. Turdns albiventer. 



Turdus albiventer, Spi'jr, Av. Bras. i. p. 70, pi. Ixix. fig. 1 (1824) ; 

 Cab. Schomh. Reis. Guiaii. iii. p. C66 (1848) ; id. Mus. Hein. i. p. 4 

 (1850) ; Scl. (§" Sah.* P. Z. S. 1807, p. 508 ; Grmj, Iland-l. B. i. 

 p 257. no. 3743 (1869) ; Scl. ^ Sfdv.* Ex. Orn. p. 147, pi. Ixxiv. 

 (1869); iid.* P. Z. S. 1870, p. 780; Peh. Orn. Bras. pp. 93, 421 

 (1871) ; Scl. S)- Salt:* Xomencl. Av. Keotr. p. 1 (1873). 

 Tm-dus ephippialis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 109 ; id. Cat. Amer. B. 

 App. p. 358 (1862). 

 In the adult male in autumn plumage the general colour of the 

 upper parts is russet-brown, shading into olive-brown on the rump 

 and upper tail-coverts, and into slaty brown on the head and nape ; 

 lores dark brown ; ear-coverts slaty brown ; no trace of eye-stripe; 

 wings brown ; wing-coverts, innermost secondaries, and outside 

 webs of quills russet-brown ; tail brown, outside webs olive-brown. 

 Chin and upper throat greyish white, each feather with long fan- 

 shaped dark-brov^^l terminal streaks or spots ; breast brown, 

 shading into russet-brown on the flanks, and into white on the vent; 

 under tail-coverts brown broadly margined with white : axiUaries 

 and under wing-coverts bright chestnut ; inner margin of quills 

 pale chestnut-brown. Bill dark brown, slightly paler on the under 

 mandible. AVing with the fourth primary slightly the longest, 

 second primary between the seventh and the eightJa, bastard primary 

 1-0 to 0-9 inch. Legs, feet, and claws brown. Length of wing 4-58 

 to 4-3 inches, tail 3-S to 3-65, culmeu 0-S5 to 0-83, tarsus 1-26 to 

 1-21. 



There is apparently no difference between the sexes. In summer 

 the russet-brown of the upper parts becomes greyer. Birds of the 

 year have ochraceous tips to the greater wing-coverts. Young in 

 first plumage resemble the young of the allied species. 



Spix's Thrush appears to be found throughout the north of the 

 continent of South America, having been obtained from Colombia, 

 Venez.vela; Guiana, and Brazil as far south as Bahia. 

 a, h. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. H. Seebohm, Esq. [P.]. 



Turdus fumigatus and Turdus hauxwelli. 



This Thrush has two extreme forms having different geographical 

 ranges. In the intervening districts intermediate forms occur, 

 leading to the conclusion that they interbreed. The synonymy of 

 the typical form is as under : — 



29. Turdus fumigatus. 



Turdus fiunigatus, Licht. Vcrz. Bouhl. p. 38 (1823) ; Cab. Sclwmh. 

 Pu-is. Guian. iii. p. G65 (1848); id. Mus. Hein. i. p. 4 (18.j0) ; 

 Licld. Kom. Av. Mm. Zool. Berol. p. 26 (1854) ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 

 1859, p. 329 ; Taijlor, Ibis, 1864, p. 80 ; Sclater, Cat. Amer. B. 

 p. 4 (1862) ; Scl. ^ Salv. P. Z. S. 1806, p. 177 ; iid. P. Z. S. 1808, 

 p. 160 ; Grai/, Iland-l. B. i. p. 258. no. 3757 (1809) ; Finsch, P. Z. S. 

 1870, p. 554 ; Peh. Orn. Bras. pp. 94, 421 (1871J ; Scl. ^- Salv. 

 Nomencl. Av. Keotr. p. 1 (1873) ; Layard, His, 1873, p. 376. 



* Spelt albiventris. 



