2. TTTRDUS. 217 



Turdus ferrugineus, Neinoied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras. iii. p. G40 (1831); 

 Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 1^9 (1847) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 27i' (1850). 



Turdus olivaceus, Linn., apud d'Orb. et Lafr. Mag. Zool, Sijn. Av, 

 1837, p. 17, 

 In the adult male the general colour of the upper parts is dark 

 ochraceous brown, slightly darker on the lores and ear-coverts ; no 

 trace of eye-stripe ; wings brown ; wing-coverts, innermost secon- 

 daries, tail, and outside webs of quills dark ochraceous brown. 

 Undcrparts pale ochraceous brown, shading into ochraceous white 

 on the centre of belly, under tail-coverts, chin, and upper throat, the 

 two latter having obscure brown longitudinal streaks and the 

 under tail-coverts being obscurely margined with ochraceous ; thighs 

 pale brown ; axillarics and under wing-coverts rich ochraceous 

 brown ; inner margin of quills pale chestnut-brown. Bill dark brown 

 above, brown below. "Wing with the fifth primary very slightly the 

 longest, second i^rimary between the seventh and eighth, bastard 

 primary 0'9 to 0-72 inch. Legs, feet, and claws dark brown. 

 Length of wing 4-15 to 4-1 inches, tail 34 to 3-34, culmen 0-9 to 

 0'8(5, tarsus 1-23 to 1-2. 



The female scarcely differs from the male. Birds of the year have 

 generally some ochraceous tips to the greater -s\dng-coveiis. Young 

 in first plumage resemble the young of the allied species. 



The tyx)ical form of the Sabian Thrush is found in the north of 

 South America, having been obtained from Venezuela, the island of 

 Trinidad, and Guiana. Intermediate forms (of which, unfortunately 

 for the technicalities of nomenclature, Liehtenstein's tj-^je happens to 

 be one) occur in Amazonia, Para, and Eastern Brazil as far as 

 Bahia ; whilst in Eastern Peru, in the valley of the Upper Amazon, 

 occurs the extreme form. 



a. Ad. St. South America. 



h. 9 ud. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela, A. Goering, Esq. [C.J, 



March ] 868. 

 c. Ad. sk. Orinoco. II. Seebohm, Esq. [P.]. 



The synonymy of the Peruvian form of the Sabian Thrush is as 

 under : — 



30. Turdus hauxwelli. 



Tardus hauxwelli, Lawrence, Attn. L. X. H. Xew York, ix. p. 265 



(1870). 

 Turdus fumigatus, Lichf. apiul Scl. ^- Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 255. 



This form differs from its allj' solely in being somewhat darker 

 and greyer in colour. The dark ochraceous brown of the upper 

 parts is replaced by dark chestnut-brown. The undcrparts are dull 

 russct-brown, shading into brownish white on the centre of the 

 belly, and obscurely streaked with darker brown on the chin and 

 upper throat ; the under tail-coverts are pale russet-brown, stUl 

 paler at the tips ; axillarics and under wing-coverts as in T. futni- 

 gatus, but inner margin of quills much browner. There is no dif- 

 ference in the colour of the bill or feet, or in the wing- formula. 

 Length of wing 4-3 to 4-00 inches, tail 3-55 to 3-2, culmen 0-S5 to 

 0-82, tarsus 1-2 to 1-15, bastard primary 0-92 to 0-7. 



