2. TTIEDUS. 221 



thers of the iiape brown with black centres ; back and scapulars 

 slate-grey suffused with olive, shadiug into nearlj' slate-grej' on the 

 rump ; upper tail-coverts dark brownish slate-grey ; primary-coverts 

 and quills dark brown, with narrow pale margins ; wing-coverts 

 and innermost secondaries dark brown, shading into pale greyish 

 brown on the margin ; tail nearly black, the inside webs of the out- 

 side feathers on each side more or less broadly tipped with white. 

 Cheeks black, pencilled with white ; chin and upper throat white, 

 each feather with a broad black shaft-streak ; lower throat, breast, 

 belly, flanks, axillarics, and under wing-coverts rich deep chestnut ; 

 feathers round the vent white ; under tail-coverts dark brown, with 

 white shaft-streaks and tips. Bill yellow, dusky at the extreme 

 tip. Wings with the third, fourth, and fifth primaries nearlj' equal 

 and longest ; second primary iutermediate in length between the 

 fifth and sixth ; bastard primary (>95 to 0'6 inch. Legs, feet, and 

 claws dark brown. Length of wing 5-4 to 4*9 inches, taQ 4-12 to 

 3'7, culmen 0-92 to 0*78, tarsus 1-35 to 1*15. 



The female differs from the male in being slightly paler in colour 

 both on the upper and iinderparts. After the aiitumn moult the 

 upper parts of both sexes are more suffused with olive ; the black 

 feathers of the head have olive-brown margins, the chestnut feathers 

 of the breast have grey margins, and those of the belly white mar- 

 gins. Birds of the year have chestnut tips to most of the wing- 

 coverts. Young in first 'pluma<ie have also white shaft-lines and 

 black tips to most of the small feathers of the upper parts, and 

 black fan-shaped terminal spots to the feathers of the under- 

 parts. 



American ornithologists distinguish between the Eastern and 

 Western forms of this bird, maintaining that the former is smaller 

 with a much blacker tail, and with the white tips to the outside 

 tail-feathers much more developed. After an examination of a large 

 series from various localities, I am unable to discover any such 

 distinction. I have both forms from California, Vancouver's Island, 

 and Toronto. {Conf Eidgw. Bull. Xutt. Om. Club, 1877, p. 8.) 



The Red-breasted Thrush, or American llobin, breeds throughout 

 the whole of Alaska, British Xorth America, and parts of Green- 

 land, up to, and occasionaUy north of, the Arctic Circle, retiring 

 southwards in autumn, and passing the Bermudas on migration. In 

 the United States and in the liighlands of Mexico it is a resident, 

 the numbers being largely increased in autumn, at Avhich season of 

 the year it occasionally strays to Guatemala and Cuba, and has even 

 been recorded from Europe. 



a. Ad. st. Arctic America. Adm. Sir G. Back [P.]. 



6. Ad. sk. Franklin Fort. Adm. Sir G. Back [P.]. 



c. Ad. sk. Bfihrings Straits. Capt. Kellett and Lieut. 



Wc 



^^q.rp.l. 



2 ad. sk. lort Simpson. B. R. Ross, Esq. [P.J.] 



d. $ ad. sk. Salt River. B. R 



ood [P.l. 

 Ross, Esq. 



f,<l- 6 2 ^^- ®^- Fort DuUevin (Dauson). Boundarv Commission. 



h, i. S ad.; k. 2 Ann Arbor, Michigan. Prof. J. B. Steere [P.]. 



ad. sk. 



