3. MERULA. 235 



h'. Uufterparts below the breast chestnut. 



ji". Head and neck white albiceps, p. 259. 



q" . Head and neck pale grey casfaiiea, p. 259. 



r". Head and ueck dark grey f/ouldi, p. 260. 



s". Head and neck nearly black kessleri, p. 261. 



e. Back dark or light slate-grey, and chestnut on 



throat, under wiug-coverts, or flanks ; or flanks 

 spotted. 

 i'. Flanks conspicuously spotted. 



t". Back slate-grey cardis, p. 261. 



m". Back brown, with more or less chestnut. 



n'". Spots on flanks black fiisnata, p. 262. 



o'". Spots on Hanks chestnut nannvmai, p. 2o-k. 



k'. Flanks scarcely spotted, or not at all. 

 v". Upper flanks rich orange-chestnut. 



p". Throat and upper breast lack protomomelcpna, p. 20.5. 



(f. Upper throat black; lower throat and 



upper breast brown enri/zoiia, p. 200. 



r'". Tiiroat and upper breast pale slate-gTey /loiiulorum, ^. 267. 

 lo". Flanks greyish. 



s'". Throat and breast black atnr/ii'nris, p. 267. 



t'". Throat and breast chestnut ruficollis, p. 209. 



u'". Throat and breast pale slate-grey. . . . uniculor, p. 271. 



f. Upper parts olive or russet-brown, and flanks 



unspotted. 



x". Head and throat black olivntra, p. 272. 



y". Head and throat brown orgTey. 

 v'" . Breast and flanks same colour. 



r'. Breast and flanks butt' or pale brown. 



(fi. Back olive-brown oh^cura, p. 273. 



(P. Back russet-brnwn pallida, p. 274. 



"s'. Breast and ttauks rich orange-chestnut chnjsolaus, p. 275. 

 <'. Breast and flanks dark chestnut- 

 brown. 

 e'\ Length of wing 4'o5 to 4'3 inches, .ranthopiis, p. 276. 

 f'. Length of wing 4'22 to 3'85 inches vinitincta, p. 277. 

 w'". Belly and flanks contrasting in colour 

 witli tlie breast. 



m'. (Jhin and tiiroat creamy grey vifirii.sis, p. 278. 



v\ Chin and throat dark brown Javanicu, p. 279. 



1. Meriila inenila. 



Le Merie, Brixs. Orn. ii. p. 227 (1760); Month. Hist. Xat. Ois. iii. 



p. .330(1775). 

 Le Merle de France, Daub. PI. Enl. uos. 2 (c?), 555 (2 ) (1775). 

 Turdus merula, Lutn. 'Si/tt. Xaf. i. p. 2!)5 (176(>) ; Sop. Ann. i. 



p. 134 (176'.t); Lat/i. (Ivn. Si/n. -Suppl. i. p. 2S5 (1787); Gmcl. 



Stist. yat. i. p. 831 (17.^8); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 340 (1790); 



Bvchst. Xaturg. Deiit.-ichl. iv. p. 219(1795); id. Orn. Taschenb. i. 



p. 149 (1802); Wolf, Tai^chvnb. i. p. 199 (1810); Pallas, 7A,ogr. 



Rosso-Aslat. I. p. 449 (1811); Tcmni. Man. (TOrn. p. 91 (181o); 



Koch, .Si/.'if. Ixiirr. Z«ol. i. p. 172 (181 (i); Vicill. X. iJict.d'IIist. Xat. 



XX. p. 244 (1S18); Ttmm. Man. (FOrn. i. p. 168 (1820); Xaum. 



Vol/. DL'iitschl. ii. p. .■!26 (1822) ; Menetr. Cat. Pais. Cauc. p. 29 



(1832) ; Krtis. u. Bias. Wirb. Eur. pp. Ii, 178 (1840) ; Xordm. 



Dcmid. Vol/. Pu<s. nicrid. iii. p. 128 (1840) ; Werner, Atlas, In- 



